Endocrinology Practice Flashcards
Steroid Hormones are synthesized from _____ and are therefore ______ soluble
cholesterol, lipid
The amine hormones- catecholamines and thyroid hormones, are derived from….
amino acid tyrosine
Name 4 hormones essential for life
aldosterone
cortisol
insulin
paratyroid hormone (PTH)
peptide hormones and catecholamines permeate membranes_____ because they are _____ soluble, while thyroid and steroid hormones permeate ______
Poorly
H2O
Readily
Peptide hormones are synthesized in the _______ and ______ and stored in _____
ER & Golgi
Vesicles
Catecholamines are synthesized in _______ cells of _______ gland
Chromaffin
Adrenal
most common second messenger is
cyclic AMP
in target cells, the effects of hormones are short-lived because
phosphatases and phosphodiesterases in target cells
hormones are inactivated by which organs?
liver and kidney
the ____ cell is the only one that can concentrate iodide
follicular
steroid hormones are produced in the ______ gland. production begins with conversion of _______ to ________
adrenal
cholesterol to pregnolone
TRUE or FALSE: lipid soluble steroid hormones are not stored in the endocrine cell, they diffuse directly into the blood
TRUE
97% of blood testosterone is bound to ________. This _____ the availability of free hormone at the target cell
plasma proteins
reduces
most peptide hormones also posess the capability of ______ protein synthesis. in doing so, they _______ the growth of their target tissue
stimulating
promote
hormones are cleared primarily by ____ and ____. secondarily by ______
liver & kidneys
target cell
saturation of a response is when
effector cells are maximally stimulated
potentiation indicates what about the relationship of the two hormones
their 2nd messenger pathways are interacting
what is permissiveness?
when the presence of one hormone allows the action of another to occur
name 6 peptide hormones of the anterior pituitary
FSH LH Growth Hormone TSH Prolactin ACTH
Which hormone does not have a long feedback loop?
Prolactin
