Endocrinology Practice Flashcards
Steroid Hormones are synthesized from _____ and are therefore ______ soluble
cholesterol, lipid
The amine hormones- catecholamines and thyroid hormones, are derived from….
amino acid tyrosine
Name 4 hormones essential for life
aldosterone
cortisol
insulin
paratyroid hormone (PTH)
peptide hormones and catecholamines permeate membranes_____ because they are _____ soluble, while thyroid and steroid hormones permeate ______
Poorly
H2O
Readily
Peptide hormones are synthesized in the _______ and ______ and stored in _____
ER & Golgi
Vesicles
Catecholamines are synthesized in _______ cells of _______ gland
Chromaffin
Adrenal
most common second messenger is
cyclic AMP
in target cells, the effects of hormones are short-lived because
phosphatases and phosphodiesterases in target cells
hormones are inactivated by which organs?
liver and kidney
the ____ cell is the only one that can concentrate iodide
follicular
steroid hormones are produced in the ______ gland. production begins with conversion of _______ to ________
adrenal
cholesterol to pregnolone
TRUE or FALSE: lipid soluble steroid hormones are not stored in the endocrine cell, they diffuse directly into the blood
TRUE
97% of blood testosterone is bound to ________. This _____ the availability of free hormone at the target cell
plasma proteins
reduces
most peptide hormones also posess the capability of ______ protein synthesis. in doing so, they _______ the growth of their target tissue
stimulating
promote
hormones are cleared primarily by ____ and ____. secondarily by ______
liver & kidneys
target cell
