Endocrinology Part 2 (8.2) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary system and what does it do?
A
- the ‘conductor of the endocrine orchestra”
- coordinates the entire endocrine system
- organises appropriate hormonal responses to stimuli from higher centres of the brain
- responds to changes in the internal &external environment
2
Q
What does the hypothalamus/ pituitary regulate?
A
- growth
- metabolism
- response to stress
- reproduction
- lactation
- water & salt balance
- birth
- feeding behaviour
3
Q
Where can the adrenal gland be found?
A
on top of both kidneys
4
Q
What hormones do the adrenal gland secrete?
A
- Adrenaline, in response stress and exercise
- Cortisol, essential for adaption to stress, mobilizes glucose, anti-inflammatory action (high levels)
- Aldosterone, maintains balance of Na/K in blood
5
Q
What are the effects of the thyroid hormone?
A
- increases basal metabolic rate: raised O2 consumption, CO2 production, heat production
- Cardiovascular system: increases activity of nervous system
- Nervous system: increases activity of nervous system: enhances sensitivity to other hormones
- Growth & maturation (essential): embryo development, CNS development, linear growth
6
Q
What are the exocrine components of the pancreas? - to the epithelial cells
A
- digestive enzymes
- duct
- duodenum
7
Q
What are the endocrine components of the pancreas? - directly to the bloodstream
A
- islet cells (2% mass)
- hormones
- bloodstream
8
Q
What is the most common endocrine disorder in man?
A
Diabetes Mellitus
