Cell Diversity and Organisation (4.1) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four types of human tissue?
A
- Neuronal
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
2
Q
What do totipotent stem cells do?
A
- capable of producing any cell type
3
Q
What do pluripotent stem cells do?
A
- capable of producing of any cell
- within a major lineage (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
4
Q
What do multi-potent stem cells do?
A
- capable of producing a restricted set of related cells
5
Q
Stem Cells are derived from undifferentiated cells. True or False?
A
True - to carry out specific functions (differentiated)
6
Q
What are stem cells capable of?
A
- producing many type of differentiated cells
- capable of self-renewal
7
Q
Differentiation is a one way process. True or False?
A
True - cells cannot become another type of cell.
8
Q
How and when does dedifferention occur?
A
- occurs in nature, as part of a regenerative process e.g. amphibians and worms, axolotl, starfish
- occurs in cancer - cancer cells acquire stem cell like qualities.
9
Q
Induced Pluripotent stem cells (IPS):
A
- generated from cells taken from the patient as a skin sample
- scientists can then culture, nerve cells, heart cells, liver cells etc.
10
Q
How are cells organised into tissues?
A
- cells with similar functions are connected together into tissues
- then are organised into organs
- depending on the required biological/ mechanical properties of the tissue
11
Q
What is the epithelial tissue?
A
- lines and is the main component of most organs
12
Q
What is the connective tissue?
A
- binds + supports other tissues
- contains sparsely packed cells scattered through an extracellular matrix
- consisting of fibers in a liquid, jellylike or solid foundation.
13
Q
Neuronal Tissue Information:
A
- organs consist of multiple types of tissue connected together
- brain contains both connective tissues + neuronal tissue
14
Q
How do cells become connected to each other?
A
- cells are joined together + attached to the extracellular matrix
- through cell junctions involving the cytoskeleton
