Endocrinology of OBGYN

Question 1

What reproductive hormones are secreted by the Hypothalamus, Ant Pit and Ovary?

Answer 1

Hyp: GnRH
AP: LH, FSH
Ovary: Estrogen, Progest, Inhibins

Question 2

WHat are the two phases of the ovarian cylce?

Answer 2

Follicular and Luteal Phase?

Question 3

What happens during the follicular phase?

Answer 3

-follicle Devt
-Endometrial prolif.
-Ovulation
ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS

Question 4

What happens during the Luteal phase?

Answer 4

Corpus Luteum forms
Endometrial Diff
Menses

Question 5

How are GnRH, FSH and LH secreted?

Answer 5

Pulsatile fashion

Question 6

What hormonal changes occurr at ovulation?

Answer 6

Spike in FSH and LH

Question 7

What homrone is predominant in the Follicular Phase? Luteal Phase?

Answer 7

Estrogen

Progesterone > Estrogen

Question 8

What causes the Surge of hormones at midcylce?

Answer 8

Change from negative feedback to positive feedback at midpoint. Back to neg feedback in luteal phase.

Question 9

What are the cell types involved in Estrogen production during the Follicular phase?

Answer 9

Theca cells: LH Recept => Androstendione => GC and circ

Granulosa Cell: FSH Recept => Estradiol => Circ

Question 10

WHat happens to the Theca Cells and Granulosa cells during the Follicular Phase?

Answer 10

Increase in numbers of cells and increase in sensitivity of cells to hormone

Question 11

What is the action of Inhibin B?

Answer 11

Causes the decline of FSH

Question 12

What hormone causes the rupture of the follacle?

Answer 12

LH (required for ovulation)

Question 13

What changes in the THeca/Granulosa Cells in the Luteal Phase?

Answer 13

BOTH have LH/hCG recpetors
Theca-lutein cell produces Androstendione =>
Granulosa-lutein cell produces Estradiol AND PROGESTERONE (increae in Cholesterol uptake to synth progesterone)

Question 14

How is Negative feedback mediated during the Luteal phase?

Answer 14

Rise in progesterone and Inhibin A exerts neg feedback at the level of the Ant Pit
Gonadotropin production declines => dec steroid prod

Question 15

What are rhe fetal components of the placenta?

Answer 15

Syncytiotrophoblasts
Cytotrophoblasts
Mesenchyme
Fetal BV

Question 16

What are rhe maternal components of the placenta?

Answer 16

Decidual cells

Maternal Arteries and veins

Question 17

How is oxygen exchanged from mother to Fetus?

Answer 17

Gas exchange occurrs at the placenta

Question 18

What key hormones are produced by the placenta?

Answer 18

hCG
Hyman placental lactogen (hPL)
CRH
Progesterone
Estrogens

Question 19

What key hormones are produced by the fetus during pregnancy?

Answer 19

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Question 20

What key hormones are produced by the mother during pregnancy?

Answer 20

Progesterone
DHEA
Estrogens

Question 21

What is the role of hCG during Pregnancy?

Answer 21

Bind LH receptors
Maint corpus luteum
Maint ovarian steroid production

Question 22

What is the role of hPL during Pregnancy?

Answer 22

Fetal Metabolism
Fetal Growth and Devt
Stim prod of IGF, insulin, Adrenocortical hormones, surfactant

Question 23

What is the role of CRH during pregnancy?

Answer 23

Onset of labor
Prostaglandin prod
Maint bloodflow in placenta

Question 24

What is the role of Progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone during pregnancy?

Answer 24

Inhibits prostaglandin prod
Supresses uterine contractions
Modulate immune response.