Endocrinology Basics Flashcards
what are the different endocrine glands
thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries/testes
what are the main subtypes of hormones
protein and polypeptide hormones, steroid hormones(lipid derived), amino acid derived
what are some examples of protein and polypeptide hormones
oxytocin, insulin, growth hormone, FSH
give some examples of amino acid derived hormones
tyrosine, adrenaline, tryptophan
give some examples of steroid hormones
testosterone, cortisol, oestradiol, aldosterone
what are the 4 main groups of hormone receptor
G protein coupled receptors(GCPR), Receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) families, Receptors associated with tyrosine activity, Steroid receptors
what type of receptor is insulin receptor
intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptor
what do steroid receptors result in
changes in gene transcription
what is the role of the hypothalamic pituitary gland
key regulator of majority of hormones
what does the accurate measuring of hormone levels depend on
interfering agents, stability of hormone(eg half life), absolute conc., pattern of secretion, presence of carrier proteins
what is the major determinant of hormone conc.
rate of secretion
what types of hormones are typically measured and regulated
thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, growth hormone, reproductive/sex hormones, prolactin, calcium/parathyroid hormone
what is tested to evaluate thyroid hormone
TSH assay, if raised = hypothyroidism, if suppressed hyperthyroidism
(not reliable if pituitary gland not working)
what type of control system is found throughout endocrinology
negative feedback loops
what are some of the different blood tests that can be used to assess pituitary gland function
TSH, prolactin, 9am cortisol, IGF1, testosterone/E2, U&E, plasma
