Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone is released from the?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is released from the?

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine is released from the?

A

Thyroid gland

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4
Q

T4 and T3 binds to??

A

Thyroid binding globulin

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5
Q

What is sick euthyroid syndrome??

A

Intercurrent illness with euthyroid ism

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6
Q

Summary of hormone changes?

A

Add pic pg 143 here

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7
Q

Variations in tbg levels?

A

High - high oestrogen, and hypothyroidism

Low - high corticosteroids levels
Protein deficiency states: low intake (malnutrition); low synthesis (chronic liver disease); increased losses (nephrotic syndrome). Thyrotoxicosis

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8
Q

Corticotrophin releasing hormone released from?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone released from?

A

Pituitary gland

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10
Q

ACTH acts on the?

A

Adrenal cortex releasing glucocorticoids

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11
Q

Causes of endogenous?

A

Primary adrenal disease - adrenal Tumor (adenoma or carcinoma)

ACTH - from the pituitary gland
From an ACTH producing Tumor

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12
Q

How to diagnose Cushing syndrome?

A
  1. Free cortisol in a 24 hour urine collection
  2. Measure cortisol in a late night salivary sample
  3. Perform a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test
  4. Perform a 2mg 48 hour dexamethasone suppression test (low-dose dexamethasone suppression test)
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13
Q

Normal aldosterone:renin ratio is?

A

~30

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14
Q

What is a short sync then test?

A

ACTH test used to stimulate adrenal gland

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15
Q

Differentiate between psychogenic pplydipsis and diabetes insipidus?

A

Water deprivation test

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16
Q

2 forms of diabetes insipidus?

A

Cranial nephrogenic

17
Q

Siadh

A

Excess adh. Caused by:

Intrathoracic- infection, Tumor
Intercranial cause - infection, Tumor, head injury
Medication - carbamazepine, antipsychotics

18
Q

Siadh criteria?

A
  1. Clinically isovolaemic
  2. Normal renal function
  3. Normal adrenal function
  4. Normal thyroid function
  5. Normal pituitary function
  6. Absence of diuretic therapy
  7. Low serum osmolality (100 mosml/kg)
19
Q

Causes of hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Physiological: pregnancy, lactation

Prolactin-secreting pituitary Tumor

Medication: phenothiazine, most antiemetics

Pcos

Following seizures

Primary hypothyroidism

20
Q

Symptoms of diabetes mellitis?

A
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss
Fatigue
Blurring vision
Symptoms related to a complication of diabetes such as cutaneous abscess
21
Q

Normal glucose ranges?

A

Fasting plasma - normal <7.8 impaired 7.8-11

22
Q

Acromegaly diagnosis?

A

> 1 gh level

23
Q

Causes of hypoglycaemia?

A

Imbalance between insulin and calorie intake in type 1 diabetes,
Excess exogenous insulin administration
As a side effect of anti hyperglycaemic medication
Insulinoma
Liver failure
Alcohol ingestion