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Data Interpretation > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Evaluate someone with hyponatraemia?

A

Add pic from 2nx page here

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2
Q

Causes of hypernatraemia?

A

Diabetes insipidus
Poor water intake
Excess iv sodium
Excess sodium from dtugs

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3
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia?

A 
Diuretics
Excess vomiting 
Diarrhoea
Fistula
Renal tubular acidosis 
Hyperaldosteronism
Metabolic acidosis
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4
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia?

A 
Renal failure
Excess potassium
Potassium sparing diuretics
Rhabdomyolysis
Hypoadrenalism
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Haemolysis of blood sample in transit
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5
Q

Creating clearance?

A

Creating clearance=(Urine creatine x urine flow rate)/plasma creatine

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6
Q

Age creatine clearance?

A

Clearance = ((140-age) x mass) / (72 x plasma creatine)

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7
Q

Plasma osmalarity?

A

Osmolarity = 2x (na + k) + urea + glucose

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8
Q

Pre renal uraemia path?

A

Normal renal regulatory mech, ren-angio system. Sodium is low.

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9
Q

Acute tubular necrosis path?

A

Normal path mechanism break down. Sodium is high

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10
Q

Components if bone profile?

A

Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphate, albumin

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11
Q

Parathyroid hormone does?

A

Increases calcium re-absorption from bone
Increased renal calcium reabsorption
Increased renal excretion of phosphate
Indirectly increasing absorption of calcium from the gut via effects on vitamin D

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12
Q

Major metabolic disease

A

Osteoporosis, bony mets, hyperparathyoidism, osteomalacia, pagets bone disease

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13
Q

Diseases calc, phosphate and alp levels?

A

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14
Q

Causes of hypercalcaemia?

A

Bone mets, multiple myeloma, hyperparathyoidism, excess vit D intake

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15
Q

Components of lft?

A 
Bilirubin
Aspartate aminotransferase
Alanine aminotransferase 
Alkaline phosphate
Glutamyl transpeptidase
Albumin
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16
Q

Common tests?

A

Add pic from page 71

17
Q

Causes of hepatic lft’s?

A 
Viral hep
Autoimmune hep
Drugs and toxins
Alcohol
Wilsons
Fatty liver
Malignancy
Congestive heart failure
18
Q

Causes of cholestatic lft?

A

Obstruction in the bike duct lumen:
- bile duct gallstone

An abnormal bile duct wall:

  • bile duct structure
  • cholangiocarcinoma

Compression of the bike duct by an extrinsic lesion:

  • pancreatic carcinoma
  • nodes at the porta hepatis
  • ampulla carcinoma
19
Q

Causes of raised esr and normal crp?

A

Sle

Multiple myeloma

20
Q

Urate production?

A

Produced from purines, excreted by kidneys. High irate causes gout

21
Q

Tumor markers?

A

Add pic from page 76

22
Q

Sweat test used for?

A

Cftr

Loss of na

23
Q

False positive sweat test by?

A

Adrenal insufficiency
Anorexia
Coeliac disease
Hypothyroidism

Data Interpretation (6 decks)

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