endocrine version 2

Question 1

what does it do

hypothalamus

Answer 1

activates, controls, integrates peripheral nervous system, endocrine processes, + somatic functions (body temp, sleep, appetite)

part of diencephalon

Question 2

pituitary gland

(the master gland)

Answer 2

promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by kidney, controls sexual development + function

influenced by hypothalamus - at brain base

Question 3

endocrine glands

Answer 3

1. adrenal
2. hypothalamus
3. ovaries
4. pancreas
5. parathyroid
6. pituitary
7. testes
8. thyroid

Question 4

hypothalamus hormones

Answer 4

• corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
• Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
• Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone (MIH)
• Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
• Thyrotopin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 5

anterior lobe

pituitary gland hormones

Answer 5

• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• follicle-stimulatting hormone (FSH)
• growth hormone (GH)
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
• prolactin
• somatotropic growth-stimulating hormone
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 6

anterior lobe

pituitary gland hormones

Answer 6

• oxytocin
• vasopressin/ADH

Question 7

adrenal cortex hormones

Answer 7

• glucocorticoids (corisol, cortisone, corticosterone)
• mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 8

function

oxytocin

Answer 8

• stimulates uterine contraction (high amounts during childbirth)
• hormonal trigger for milk ejection (release triggered by suckling)

Question 9

function

antidiuretic hormone

aka vasopressin

Answer 9

• prevents urine formation
• osmoreceptors monitor solute concentration
• high concentration triggers osmoreceptors = signal sent to hypothalamus for ADH release

Question 10

growth hormone

Answer 10

• anabolic (tissue building) hormone
• mobilizes fats for transport to cells (for fuel use)
• causes liver to breakdown + release glucose (raises blood glucose levels)
• increases cell uptake of amino acids (incorporate into proteins)

Question 11

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 11

stimulates normal development + secretory activity of the thyroid gland

Question 12

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

corticotropin

Answer 12

stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones

Question 13

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

gonadotropin

Answer 13

stimulates gamete production (sperm/eggs)

Question 14

luteinizing hromone (LH)

gonadotropin

Answer 14

• promotes production of gonadal hormones
• works with FSH to cause egg containing ovarian follicle to mature
• triggers ovulation
• stimulates testosterone production in males

Question 15

prolactin

Answer 15

stimulates milk production

Question 16

thyroid hormone

Answer 16

• binds to intracellular receptors in nucleus + initiates mRNA trascription for protein synthesis
• increases basal metabolic rate + body heat production
• regulates tissue growth + development
• maintains BP by increasing adrenergic receptors in blood vessels

made from 2 iodine-containing amine hormones: thyroxine (T4) + triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 17

calcitonin

Answer 17

• inhibits osteoclast activity (no bone resorption + release of calcium from bony matrix)
• stimulates calcium uptake + incorporation into bone matrix

Question 18

parathyroid hormone

Answer 18

• controls calcium balance (essential for nerve impulse, muscle contraction, blood clotting)
• stimulates osteoclasts (bone-resorbing) to digest calcium-rich boy matrix + release calcium + phosphates to blood
• enhances kidney’s resorption of calcium
• promotes activation of vitamin D (increases calcium absorption by intestinal mucosal cells)

Question 19

aldosterone

Answer 19

• regulates electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluid
• stimulates sodium resorption (water follows = increased BP)
• potassium elimation from body

mineralocorticoids

Question 20

cortisol

Answer 20

• influences energy metabolism of body cells - helps us resist stressors
• depresses cartilage + bone formation
• inhibits inflammation (decreases inflammatory chemical release)
• depresses immune system
• disrupts normal cardio, neuro, + GI functiom

glucocorticoids

Question 21

epinephrine