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nclex review > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine gland functions

A
  1. maintenance + regulation of vital functions
  2. response to stress + injury
  3. growth + development
  4. energy metabolism
  5. reproduction
  6. fluid, electrolye, acid-base balance
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2
Q

what does it do + where is it

hypothalamus

A

activates + controls the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, + somatic functions (temp, sleep, appetite)

floor + part of the lateral wall of third ventricle

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3
Q

what does it do + where is it

pituitary gland

A

influenced by hypothalamus, directly affects other endocrine glands

  • promotes body tissue growth
  • water absorption by kidneys
  • sexual development + function

at brain base

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4
Q

what does it do + where is it

adrenal gland

A

regulates sodium + electrolyte balance, carb/fat/protein metabolism, fight-or-flight response

one on top of each kidney

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5
Q

what does it do + where is it

adrenal cortex

A

synthesizes glucocorticoids (cortisol) + mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), small amounds of sex hormones

outer shell of adrenal gland

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6
Q

what does it do + where is it

adrenal medulla

A

part of sympathetic neurvous system - produces epinephrine + norepinephrine

inner core of adrenal gland

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7
Q

what does it do + where is it

thyroid gland

A

controls rate of body metabolism + growth, produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyyronine (T3), thyricalcitonin

anterior part of neck

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8
Q

what does it do + where is it

parathyroid glands

A

controls calcium + phosphorus metabolism, produces parathyroid hormone

on the thyroid gland

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9
Q

what does it do + where is it

pancreas

A

influences carb metabolism, indirectly influences fat + protein metabolism, produces insulin + glucagon

posterior to stomach

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10
Q

ovaries + testes

A

ovarites - estrogen + progesterone

testes - testosterone

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11
Q

action + target tissue

thyrotropin-releaseing hormone (TRH)

A

stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, regulates prolactin secretion

from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary

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12
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

stimules release of follicle stimulating hormone + leuteinizing hormone

from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituatary

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13
Q

somatostatin

A

stimulates release of growth hormone + thyroid stimulating hormone

from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary

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14
Q

growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

stimulates growth hormone release

from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary

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15
Q

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone + B-endorphin

from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary

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16
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

increases steroidogenesis (cortisol + adrogenic hormones), synthesis of adrenal proteins that maintain adrenal gland

acts on adrenal gland (cortex)

17
Q

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

promotes secretion of melanin + lipotropin by anterior pituitary (makes skin darker)

acts on anterior pituitary

18
Q

growth hormone

A

muscle/bone/liver: regulates metabolic processes related to growth + adaptation to physical/emotional stressors, muscle growth, increased protein synthesis, increased liver gllycogenolysis, increased fat mobilization

liver - induces formation of somatomedins or insulin like growth factors (have actions similar to insulin)

19
Q

prolactin

A

induces milk production

acts on breast

20
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

TSH

aka thyrotropin

A

increases production + secretion of thyroid hormone, increases iodide uptake, promotes hypertrophy + hyperplasia of thymocytes

21
Q

luteinizing hormone

LH

A

women: stimulates ovulation + progesterone production

men: stimulates testicular growth, testosterone production

acts on granulosa cells in women + Leydig cells in men

22
Q

follicule-stimulatating hormone

FSH

A

women: stimulates follicle maturation, estrogen production

men: stimulates spermatogenesis

acts on granulosa cells in women, Sertoli cells in men

23
Q

B-lipotropin

A

promotes fat breakdown + release of fatty acids

acts on Adipose cells

24
Q

B-endorphins

A

produces analgesia (natural opiates)

acts on adipose cells + brain opioid receptors

25
Q

thyrotropin-stimulating hormone

A

trigger release of TSH from thyrotopic cells of anterior pituitary

26
Q

hormones produced

posterior lobe of hypothalamus

A
  • oxytocin
  • vasopressin
  • antidiuretic hormone
27
Q

what does it produce

pituitary gland hormones: anterior lobe

A
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • follicle-stimulating hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  • prolactin
  • somatropic growth-stimulating hormone
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
28
Q

what does it produce

pituitary gland hormones: posterior lobe

A
  • oxytocin
  • vasopressin, ADH
29
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth + milk ejection during nursing

nclex review (12 decks)

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