endocrine Flashcards
endocrine gland functions
- maintenance + regulation of vital functions
- response to stress + injury
- growth + development
- energy metabolism
- reproduction
- fluid, electrolye, acid-base balance
what does it do + where is it
hypothalamus
activates + controls the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, + somatic functions (temp, sleep, appetite)
floor + part of the lateral wall of third ventricle
what does it do + where is it
pituitary gland
influenced by hypothalamus, directly affects other endocrine glands
- promotes body tissue growth
- water absorption by kidneys
- sexual development + function
at brain base
what does it do + where is it
adrenal gland
regulates sodium + electrolyte balance, carb/fat/protein metabolism, fight-or-flight response
one on top of each kidney
what does it do + where is it
adrenal cortex
synthesizes glucocorticoids (cortisol) + mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), small amounds of sex hormones
outer shell of adrenal gland
what does it do + where is it
adrenal medulla
part of sympathetic neurvous system - produces epinephrine + norepinephrine
inner core of adrenal gland
what does it do + where is it
thyroid gland
controls rate of body metabolism + growth, produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyyronine (T3), thyricalcitonin
anterior part of neck
what does it do + where is it
parathyroid glands
controls calcium + phosphorus metabolism, produces parathyroid hormone
on the thyroid gland
what does it do + where is it
pancreas
influences carb metabolism, indirectly influences fat + protein metabolism, produces insulin + glucagon
posterior to stomach
ovaries + testes
ovarites - estrogen + progesterone
testes - testosterone
action + target tissue
thyrotropin-releaseing hormone (TRH)
stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, regulates prolactin secretion
from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
stimules release of follicle stimulating hormone + leuteinizing hormone
from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituatary
somatostatin
stimulates release of growth hormone + thyroid stimulating hormone
from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
stimulates growth hormone release
from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone + B-endorphin
from hypothalamus, acts on anterior pituitary
adrenocorticotropic hormone
increases steroidogenesis (cortisol + adrogenic hormones), synthesis of adrenal proteins that maintain adrenal gland
acts on adrenal gland (cortex)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
promotes secretion of melanin + lipotropin by anterior pituitary (makes skin darker)
acts on anterior pituitary
growth hormone
muscle/bone/liver: regulates metabolic processes related to growth + adaptation to physical/emotional stressors, muscle growth, increased protein synthesis, increased liver gllycogenolysis, increased fat mobilization
liver - induces formation of somatomedins or insulin like growth factors (have actions similar to insulin)
prolactin
induces milk production
acts on breast
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH
aka thyrotropin
increases production + secretion of thyroid hormone, increases iodide uptake, promotes hypertrophy + hyperplasia of thymocytes
luteinizing hormone
LH
women: stimulates ovulation + progesterone production
men: stimulates testicular growth, testosterone production
acts on granulosa cells in women + Leydig cells in men
follicule-stimulatating hormone
FSH
women: stimulates follicle maturation, estrogen production
men: stimulates spermatogenesis
acts on granulosa cells in women, Sertoli cells in men
B-lipotropin
promotes fat breakdown + release of fatty acids
acts on Adipose cells
B-endorphins
produces analgesia (natural opiates)
acts on adipose cells + brain opioid receptors
thyrotropin-stimulating hormone
trigger release of TSH from thyrotopic cells of anterior pituitary
hormones produced
posterior lobe of hypothalamus
- oxytocin
- vasopressin
- antidiuretic hormone
what does it produce
pituitary gland hormones: anterior lobe
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- follicle-stimulating hormone
- luteinizing hormone
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- prolactin
- somatropic growth-stimulating hormone
- thyroid-stimulating hormone
what does it produce
pituitary gland hormones: posterior lobe
- oxytocin
- vasopressin, ADH
oxytocin
stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth + milk ejection during nursing
