Endocrine Tissues Flashcards
State the location and the hormones secreted by the pituitary
Location: base of brain
Anterior secretes: TSH , ACTH, Gonadotropin, FSH, LH, Growth Hormone, prolactins, melanocyte stimulating hormone
Posterior secretes: antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin and vasopressin
State the location and the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland
Location: anterior to the trachea
Hormones: T4 and T3
State the location and the hormones secreted by the parathyroid
Location: dorsal surface of the thyroid
Secretes: parathyroid hormone
State the location and the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands
Location: top of each kidney
Cortex secretes corticosteroids (glucocorticoids & mineralcorticoids)
State the location and the hormones secreted by the pancreas
Location: left and posterior to the stomach
Endocrine secretion: insulin and glucagon
Exocrine secretion: digestive enzymes
What is the normal proportion of thyroid hormones in the body?
T4 80%
T3 20%
What antibodies are present in Graves’ disease?
Anti TSH- overrides TSH
TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin)- mimics TSH
What are the clinical features of Graves’ disease
Goitre
Bulging eyes
Tremor
Weight loss
What are the antibodies present in hashimoto’s disease?
Anti TPO- blocks the production of T3 and T4
AntiTG- antithyroglobulin cannot store T3 and T4
What are the clinical features of Hashimoto’s disease?
Fatigue
Weight gain
Tongue enlargement
Puffy face
What are parafollicular cells?
Neuroendocrine cells in the thymus that produce calcitonin
What are the major and minor effects of calcitonin
Major effect: inhibit osteoclasts to reduce calcium release into blood
Minor effect: inhibit renal calcium phosphate reabsorption
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
Causes bone to release calcium and absorb more calcium from the GI Tract
What is parathyroid disease?
Over PTH production
Causes adenoma
High calcium levels affect brain, muscle and bone causing weakness, tiredness and nausea
