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semester 4 > endocrine test > Flashcards

endocrine test Flashcards

1
Q

overweight bmi

A

25 to 29.9

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2
Q

obese bmi

A

exceeding 30

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3
Q

severe/extreme bmi

A

exceeding 40

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4
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria

A

Waist circumference >35 in women and >40 in men
High LDL level — 150 mg/dL
Less than 40 mg/dL in men or less than 50 mg/dL in women HDL
Increased blood pressure — 130/85 or higher
high fasting blood glucose

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5
Q

Orlistat education

A

educate the patient that they need to take a multivitamin and eat a nutrient rich diet

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6
Q

Liraglutide education

A

important to educate the patient on how to give sub Q injections. Demonstration with teach back

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7
Q

Naltrexone and Bupropion combination purpose and contraindications

A

Can help with obesity when combined. Contraindications: HTN, epilepsy, SI, hx eating disorders, alcohol or substance abuse

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8
Q

Intragastric balloon therapy s/s to look for

A

Increased abd girth, abd pain, constipation > Indicates balloon rupture

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9
Q

effects of obesity

A

Mechanics of ventilation and circulation
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Skin integrity
Body mechanics and mobility

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10
Q

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Notes

A

Involves restrictive and malabsorption components. EDUCATE: Food intake needs to be limited. Absorption of calories and nutrients will be limited.

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11
Q

Gastric Banding Education

A

EDUCATE patient not to eat like normal. Very very small amounts of water

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12
Q

Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch notes

A

Nutrient dense foods in small, frequent meals. Keep at LOW fowler during meal time and for 20-30 minutes after meal time to delay stomach emptying and can decrease risk of dumping syndrome.

Beverages should be consumed 30 minutes before or 60 minutes after meals

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13
Q

gastric surgery and female patients of childbearing age

A

After bariatric surgery female clients of childbearing age should use contraceptives for at least 18 months after surgery to prevent pregnancy.

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14
Q

potential complications of bariatric surgery

A

anastomotic leak – a leaking of gastric content into peritoneal space that can lead to sepsis. Risk includes older age males, greater body mass (stage 3 obesity), nonspecific s/s including fever, abdominal pain, tachycardia, leukocytosis

Dumping syndrome s/s: nausea, weakness, diaphoresis, palpitations, syncope, diarrhea, hypoglycemia (priority assessment after immediate symptoms)

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15
Q

dumping syndrome s/s

A

nausea, weakness, diaphoresis, palpitations, syncope, diarrhea, hypoglycemia (priority assessment after immediate symptoms)

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16
Q

anastomotic leak s/s

A

fever, abdominal pain, tachycardia, leukocytosis

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17
Q

gestational diabetes cause

A

Gestational diabetes happens during pregnancy due to secretions of placental hormones that causes insulin resistance

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18
Q

exocrine glands go into the

A

glands and ducts (includes salivary glands)

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19
Q

endocrine glands go into the

A

bloodstream

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20
Q

Over secretion of acth or gh leads to

A

Cushing’s syndrome, gigantism, acromegaly

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21
Q

Under secretion of acth or gh leads to

A

dwarfism, panhypopituitarism

22
Q

Before during and after hypophysectomy

A

blood glucose monitoring and monitor the stools for blood

23
Q

notes on diabetes insipidus

A

ENOURMOUS amount of very clear urine. With a specific gravity of 1.00-1.05

24
Q

Calcitonin helpful hint

A

tone the calcium down

25
Q

Parathormone regulates

A

calcium and phosphorus balance

26
Q

aldosteronism (conn’s syndrome)

A

when the adrenal glands make too much aldosterone. Monitor BP and K+. Potassium will be low
hypertension, headache, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), hyper-, hyperglycemia**

27
Q

what is essential for thyroid hormone production

A

iodine.
TSH stimulates the release of T3 and T4

28
Q

classic manifestation of hypothyroidism

A

Constipation
Educate to increase fiber, water, movement

29
Q

Hashimoto disease symptoms

A

facial edema, cold intolerance, bradycardia, constipation

30
Q

Thyroid storm aka thyrotoxic crisis

A

promote relaxation – insomnia, heat intolerance, tachycardia, nervousness, tremors, warm soft and moist skin, increased appetite, cardiac dysrhythmias, weight loss

can occur with an acute overdose of levothyroxine (insomnia, heat intolerance, tachycardia)

31
Q

most common drug to reduce heart rate

A

beta blockers

32
Q

Tetany

A

general muscle hypertonia, with tremor and spasmodic or uncoordinated contractions occurring with or without efforts to make voluntary movements

33
Q

Chvostek sign

A

a sharp tapping over the facial nerve just in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear causes spasm or twitching of the mouth, nose, and eye – hypocalcemia -

34
Q

Trousseau sign

A

carpopedal spasm is induced by occluding the blood flow to the arm for 3 minutes with a blood pressure cuff

35
Q

If a patient gets a thyroidectomy and reports sores on feet and around the lips

A

it means the calcium is probably low because loss of calcitonin. Check for hypocalcemia. – always check electrolytes –

36
Q

Addison’s disease

A

characterized by weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, loss of body hair, vitiligo, hyperpigmentation in both exposed and non exposed parts of the body.
hypotension is a big component in Addison’s disease. Get a daily weight

37
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome education

A

Educate: when a pt is on corticosteroid watch for osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, can mask signs of infection

38
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

can lead to hypocalcemia
Priority is ABCs – can lead to airway problems

39
Q

Diagnostic Findings of Diabetes

A

Very viscous, honey like blood

Keep A1c less than 6.5%

40
Q

Diabetes management has five components:

A

Nutritional therapy
Exercise
Monitoring
Pharmacologic therapy
Educationi

41
Q

insulin and periods of stress

A

during periods of high levels of stress such as surgery and trauma BG tends to increase.

42
Q

Before adrenalectomy

A

pre-treat with solumedrol (corticosteroids) and continue treatment after surgery

43
Q

Diabetic pt is sick

A

in order to prevent DKA instruct the patient to drink fluids every hour eat frequent small meals, blood glucose and urine ketones must be assessed every 4 hours when sick, take the usual doses of insulin

44
Q

DKA manifestations

A

hyperglycemia, acidosis, dehydration, hypotension

45
Q

DKA hydration guidelines and treatment

A

N/S 15 mL/kg/hour
Rehydration with IV fluid
IV continuous infusion of regular insulin
Reverse acidosis and restore electrolyte balance

46
Q

DKA things to monitor

A

Monitor blood glucose, renal function and urinary output, ECG, electrolyte levels, VS, lung assessments for signs of fluid overload

47
Q

Management of HHS

A

Rehydration
Insulin administration
Monitor fluid volume and electrolyte status

48
Q

long term complications of diabetes

A

Keep bg under control is the best protection against long term effects. Can lead to neuropathy, microvascular problems and CAD, cerebrovascular disease

49
Q

acute overdose of levothyroxine s/s

A

insomnia, heat intolerance, tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia

50
Q

treatment for thyroid storm

A

reduce heart rate, reduce temperature
relaxation techniques, beta blockers, ice packs, cold washcloths, remove blankets.

semester 4 (11 decks)

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