Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

semester 4 > bones test > Flashcards

bones test Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts are for

A

bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bone Healing Stage I

A

Hematoma formation
1 to 2 days after fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bone Healing Stage II

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bone Healing Stage III

A

Bony callus formation
Ossification begins during 3rd or 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone Healing Stage IV

A

Remodeling
Osteoclasts remove necrotic bone
Compact bone replaces spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fracture pain will be described as

A

sharp pain, immobilization relieves it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flaccid

A

May have some muscle reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spastic

A

clonus/twitchy. Rhythmic contraction of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atonic

A

no tone, no muscle reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypertrophy

A

overgrowth/very muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atrophy

A

shrinkage-like decrease in size of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crepitus

A

grating or crackling sound or sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bone pain will be described as

A

a deep, dull ache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fliculation

A

twitching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

assess the peroneal nerve by

A

Prick the skin midway between the great and second toe.
Ask the patient to dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

assess the tibial nerve by

A

Prick the medial and lateral surface of the sole.
Ask the patient to plantar flex toes and foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

assess the radial nerve by

A

Prick the skin midway between the thumb and second finger
Ask the patient to stretch out the thumb, then the wrist, and then the fingers at the metacarpal joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

assess the ulnar nerve by

A

Prick the distal fat pad of the small finger.
Ask the patient to abduct all fingers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

assess the median nerve by

A

Prick the top or distal surface of the index finger.
Ask the patient to touch the thumb to the little finger. In addition, observe whether the patient can flex the wrist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ankylosis

A

stiffness/immobility of joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Effusion

A

fluid build up in joint. Tx is arthrocentesis to drain fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ganglion

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dupuytren’s

A

pinky looks hella weird. Due to long term phenytoin use or liver disease

26
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature, may have uneven shoulder blades

27
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation, not complete

28
Q

Valgus

A

bow legs

29
Q

Varus

A

knock knees

30
Q

Swan neck / ulnar deviation

A

in the thumb and is due to rheumatoid arthritis

31
Q

Most common issue w bone biopsy

A

pain

32
Q

leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability

A

arthritis

33
Q

parathyroid hormone increased can lead to

A

hypocalcemia

34
Q

Diaphysis of femur is made up of

A

cortical bone

35
Q

Increased thoracic curvature

A

kyphosis

36
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

repetitive overhead movement or inflammation of rotator cuff/bursa

37
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

affects medial nerve, overuse. Tinel’s and Phalen’s tests to assess

38
Q

Dupuytren Contracture

A

progressive contracture of 4th and 5th fingers. Tx = stretching, steroid injections, surgery

39
Q

Pes Planus

A

flat foot
planus - planet - flat earthers ahha

40
Q

Pes cavus

A

claw foot
cavus - caw - crow

41
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

inflammation of certain nerve

42
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Noninflammatory degenerative DO of joints. Articular cartilage breaks down → progressive damage to the underlying bone and eventual formation of osteophytes (bone spurs) that protrude into the joint space

43
Q

osteoarthritis risk factors

A

old, female, obese

44
Q

Joint arthroplasty

A

CSM risks and complications pt aware, IMP: bleeding or dislocation or VTE, INF, heel pressure injuries

45
Q

hip replacement big notes

A

Avoid internal rotation, use abduction pillows when turning, and adduction when transferring. Don’t flex hip <90 degrees.

46
Q

normal amount of drainage for a hip replacement

A

200-500 mL within 24 hr is normal

47
Q

calcium + vit D. biphosphates (increase bone mass) administration notes

A

sit up for 30 minutes and drink a full glass of water

48
Q

Osteomalacia

A

metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate bone mineralization
Softening and weakening of long bones causes pain, tenderness, and deformities, causes: bowing of bones and pathologic fractures
TX: vit D + Ca++, and sunlight exposure

49
Q

Paget

A

localized bone turnover: skull, femur, tibia, pelvic bones, and vertebrae. Genetic
Excessive bone reabsorption from osteoclasts. Alkaline phosphatase ALP is elevated
Tx: antineoplastic, NSAIDs, Calcitonin, biphosphates

50
Q

osteomyelitis

A

INF down to the bone. More likely to attack an area that has been previously traumatized
MRSA most common
Risks: DM, IV drug use, obese, malnourished, impaired immune systems, soft tissue INF,
Chronic osteomyelitis: chronic low grade fever in evening is typical

51
Q

most common bone cancer

A

Osteosarcoma, often fatal

52
Q

Contusion

A

soft tissue injury produced by blunt force
Pain, swelling and discoloration: ecchymosis

53
Q

Strain

A

pulled muscle injury to the musculotendinous unit
Pain, edema, muscle spasm, ecchymosis
Get xray

54
Q

Sprain

A

Joint is tender and movement is painful, edema, pain increases within 2-3 hr
Grades 1, 2, or 3
PRICE: protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation
Steroids not given bc will worsen the inflammation

55
Q

Dislocation

A

articular surfaces of the joint are not in contact
Traumatic dislocation is an emergency w pain

56
Q

Rotator cuff injury

A

Causes: aging, poor posture, repetitive stress

57
Q

Fat emboli

A

12-72 hr - comes from the bone, occludes small vessels
Respiratory distress: tachypnea, dyspneic, tachycardic, wheezing, hypoxia, chest pain, large amounts of thick, white sputum. We want an ABG

58
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Neurovascular assessments, esp. For pts w distal humerus, proximal tibia fractures
6 P’s: paresthesia, pain, pulselessness, pressure, pallor, paralysis
Can cut a window in the cast, remove the cast, or if tissue is extremely compromised…Fasciotomy to tx
Prompt dx, don’t elevate above heart level bc high venous pressure, cold compress, may decrease traction wt, amputation

59
Q

Delayed complications

A

Delayed union, malunion, nonunion
Avascular necrosis of bone
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Heterotrophic ossification

60
Q

what nurses can do with traction

A
  • add weight, never remove
  • unless the patient codes then fuck it remove them if they’re in the way
61
Q

treatment for phantom limb pain

A

Opioids, gabapentin, tylenol, NSAIDs

semester 4 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions