Endocrine Terms Flashcards
ACTH
produced by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the release of cortisol
Adipose
produces leptin
Adrenal Gland
produces sex hormones (FSH & LH), releases adrenaline, and produces cortisol
ADH
produced in the hypothalamus. stored in the posterior pituitary, retains water to restore electrolyte balance.
Calcitonin
secreted by the Thyroid, lowers blood calcium
Calcitriol
produced in the kidneys, prevents loss of calcium
Cortisol
regulates metabolism and immune response, made/secreted in the adrenal cortex
epinephrine
increases the body’s fight or flight response, produced/secreted from the adrenal medulla
erythropoietin (EPO)
produced and secreted from the kidney, helps to produce RBCs.
estrogen
regulates menstrual cycle and other aspects specific to women, mainly produced/secreted in the ovaries
FSH & LH
aid in gonadal function, produced and secreted by the pituitary
Ghrelin
produced and released by the stomach, “hunger hormone”
glucagon
controls BS levels (mainly bringing them down), produced and released by the pancreas
GH
produced and secreted from the pituitary, GH stimulates growth, bone length and muscle strength
Hypersecretion
when excess of a hormone is secreted from a gland
Hyposecretion
when not enough hormone is secreted from a gland
Hypophyseal portal system
a network of blood vessels that connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary
hypothalamus
coordinates ANS & function of the pituitary, hormone center
infundibulum
the stalk that connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary
insulin
promotes the absorption of glucose, produced and secreted by the pancreas
kidneys
get rid of toxins in the blood and turn remaining waste into urine
leptin
produced in adipose tissue, promotes metabolic homeostasis
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
stimulates rapid color change by translocation of melanosomes, produced and secreted by the pituitary
melatonin
maintains circadian rhythm, produced and secreted by the pineal gland
norepinephrine
increases heart rate and blood pumping to the heart, produced/secreted in the adrenal medulla
ovaries
One of the female sex organs, they release one egg per month, and also produce/secrete hormones
oxytocin
controls aspects of the reproductive system as well as human behavior, called the “love drug”, produced by the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary.
Pancreas
tucked behind the stomach, the pancreas produces enzymes to aid digestion, and hormones that regulate how the body produces sugar.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
helps the body maintain stable levels of calcium in the blood
Pheromones
substances are released from one individual and then received by the next, but only of the same species
pineal gland
produces and regulates some hormones, including melatonin
Anterior pituitary
central regulator of the endocrine system, produces ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin and ADH
Posterior pituitary
serves as storage for some hormones, and secretes Oxytocin and ADH
Progesterone
produced and secreted by the ovaries, is involved in regulating periods and pregnancy
prolactin
primarily functions to stimulate breast milk production, produced in the anterior pituitary
renin-angiotensin system
elevates blood volume and arterial tone in a prolonged manner
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
maintain muscle control, brain function and development, heart and digestive functions, produced in the thyroid
T4 (Thyroxine)
produced by the thyroid gland, T4 is responsible for your metabolism, mood, and body temperature, converts into T3.
Testes
responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for producing sperm
testosterone
regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm, produced and secreted by the testes
thymus
The thymus produces all our T cells before we become teenagers, and produces thymosin
thyroid
releases and controls thyroid hormones that control metabolism
TSH
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine, and then triiodothyronine
attributes of GH
It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone, secreted by the anterior pituitary
permissive
the presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act
Synergistic
two hormones with similar effects produce an amplified response
Antagonistic
two hormones have opposing effects
pros of cortisol
help control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation
cons of cortisol
blood sugar imbalance, decreased bone density, increased fat in the abdomen
