Endocrine systems + receptors

Question 1

name the major endocrine glands

Answer 1

pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, placenta, testes

Question 2

define hormone

Answer 2

regulatory substance produced and transported via tissue fluid to stimulate specific cells or tissues

Question 3

define endocrine

Answer 3

secretion of hormones or other products directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

define paracrine

Answer 4

hormone which only has a local effect. works only in the area it is secreted in

Question 5

list the classes of hormones (3)

Answer 5

proteins and peptides, steroids, tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives

Question 6

describe the synthesis, storage, release and transport of the AMINES

Answer 6

pre-synthesised, stored in vesicles, released in response to stimuli by Ca2+, they are hydrophilic and are transported free in the plasma

Question 7

describe the synthesis, storage, release and transport of the PEPTIDES

Answer 7

pre-synthesised (from a precursor), stored in vesicles, released in response to Ca2+

Question 8

describe the synthesis, storage, release and transport of the STEROIDS

Answer 8

secreted upon demand, hydrophobic, transported bound to plasma proteins

Question 9

elimination of amines takes?

Answer 9

seconds

Question 10

elimination of proteins/peptides takes>

Answer 10

minutes

Question 11

elimination of steroids and thyroid hormones takes?

Answer 11

hours to days, due to extensive protein binding

Question 12

name two types of cell surface receptors

Answer 12

G protein coupled, receptor kinases

Question 13

nuclear receptors are found where in the cell?

Answer 13

intracellular

Question 14

how do intracellular receptors work?

Answer 14

ligand is lipophilic which allows diffusion across the plasma membrane

Question 15

nuclear receptors can be further divided into what

Answer 15

class 1, 2 and hybrid

Question 16

class 1 nuclear receptors are activated by

Answer 16

steroid hormones

Question 17

class 2 nuclear receptors are activated by

Answer 17

lipids

Question 18

hybrid class receptors are activated by

Answer 18

thyroid hormone