Biochemistry of Glucose and insulin

Question 1

beta cells secrete

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

alpha cells secrete

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

d cells secrete

Answer 3

somatostatin

Question 4

PP cells secrete

Answer 4

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 5

when is insulin preprohormone synthesized, and what is its name?

Answer 5

the rough endoplasmic reticulum of pancreatic beta cells, preproinsulin

Question 6

insulin contains how many polypeptide chains and they are linked by what type of bond

Answer 6

2, disulphide bonds

Question 7

what is C peptide

Answer 7

by product of insulin cleavage

Question 8

what is the use of C peptide?

Answer 8

no known function but useful to test for in the blood, it is a marker of insulin secretion

Question 9

glucose travels through what transporter

Answer 9

GLUT 2

Question 10

why is release of glucose biphasic?

Answer 10

5% is ready for release, there is then a reserve pool which must become mobilised

Question 11

what enzyme is glucose phosphorylated by

Answer 11

glucokinase

Question 12

what two proteins do Katp channels consist of?

Answer 12

Kir6.1 and a sulphonylurea receptor SUR1

Question 13

what kind of receptor is the receptor for insulin

Answer 13

dimeric tyrosine kinase

Question 14

where are ketones formed in the body and what from?

Answer 14

liver mitochondria, from acetyl-CoA

Question 15

where is insulin peptide synthesised

Answer 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum