Endocrine System- Pituitary Gland

Question 1

Several processes can disturb the normal activity of the endocrine system, including

Answer 1

impaired synthesis or release of hormones,

abnormal interactions between hormones and

their target
tissues, and abnormal responses of target organs.

Question 2

Endocrine diseases can be generally
classified as

Answer 2

(1) diseases of underproduction or overproduction of hormones and their resulting
biochemical and clinical consequences and

(2) diseases associated with the development of
mass lesions.

Such lesions might be nonfunctional, or they might be associated with
overproduction or underproduction of hormones.

Question 3

The pituitary gland is composed of two morphologically and functionally distinct components:
the:

Answer 3

anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis).

Question 4

The ____________ constitutes about 80% of the gland.

Answer 4

anterior pituitary

Question 5

The production of most pituitary hormones is
controlled predominantly by positive-acting releasing factors from the hypothalamus ( Fig. 24-1
), which are carried to the anterior pituitary by a____________________

Answer 5

portal vascular system

Question 6

The production of most pituitary hormones is
controlled predominantly by positive-acting releasing factors from the hypothalamus ( Fig. 24-1
), which are carried to the anterior pituitary by a portal vascular system.

____________- is the major
exception; its primary hypothalamic control is inhibitory, through the action of dopamine

Answer 6

Prolactin

Question 7

Pituitary growth hormone also differs in that it receives both stimulatory and inhibitory influences
via the hypothalamus.

In routine histologic sections of the anterior pituitary, a colorful array of
cells is present that contain ____________________

Answer 7

eosinophilic cytoplasm (acidophil), basophilic cytoplasm (basophil),
or poorly staining cytoplasm (chromophobe) cells ( Fig. 24-2 ).

Question 8

Specific antibodies against the
pituitary hormones identify five cell types:

Answer 8

1. Somatotrophs,
2. Lactotrophs (mammotrophs),
3. Corticotrophs
4. Thyrotrophs
5. Gonadotrophs:

Nmemonics : So CoLa To Go

Question 9

_____________, producing growth hormone (GH): These acidophilic cells constitute half
of all the hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary.

Answer 9

Somatotrophs

Question 10

_________________, producing prolactin: These acidophilic cells secrete
prolactin, which is essential for lactation.

Answer 10

Lactotrophs (mammotrophs)

Question 11

Corticotrophs: These basophilic cells produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), endorphins,
and lipotropin

Answer 11

Corticotrophs

Question 12

_____________: These pale basophilic cells produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Answer 12

Thyrotrophs

Question 13

________________ These basophilic cells produce both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH).

FSH stimulates the formation of graafian follicles in the
ovary, andLH induces ovulation and the formation of corpora lutea in the ovary.

The
same two hormones also regulate spermatogenesis and testosterone production in
males.

Answer 13

Gonadotrophs:

Question 14

Nnemonics:

Acidophils: Somatotrophs

              Lactotrophs 

ACIDIC ang SOLA

** B- Flat**

FSH

LH

ACTH ( Cotricotrophs)

Thyroid

Answer 14

-