Endocrine System-Hormones Flashcards by Jenna Wahler

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

ACTH

Target: Adrenal cortex
Stimulates secretion of hydrocortisone from adrenal cortex
Source: Anterior pituitary

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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

FSH

Target: Testes and ovaries
Stimulates egg stimulation and sperm formation
Source: Anterior pituitary

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Growth Hormone

Target: All tissues
Increases rate of cell division, protein synthesis and promotes growth and development
Source: Anterior pituitary

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Luteinizing Hormone

Target: sex glands
Stimulates female ovulation and male secretion of testosterone
Source: Anterior Pituitary

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Prolactin

PRL

Target: Mammary glands
Stimulates milk production in the breasts after childbirth
Source: Anterior Pituitary

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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

TSH

Target: Thyroid gland
Triggers secretion of thyroid hormones
Source: Anterior pituitary

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What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin

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Antidiuretic Hormone

ADH

Target: Kidneys
Causes water retention from kidneys and regulates blood pressure
Source: Posterior Pituitary

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Oxytocin

Target: Uterus and mammary glands
Triggers contraction of the uterus during labor, milk ejection from the mammary glands
Source: Posterior Pituitary

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What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Calcitonin 
Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)

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Calcitonin

Target: Bones
Decreases blood calcium level by increasing osteoblast activity
Source: Thyroid

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Thyroid Hormone

T3 and T4

Target: Throughout body
Increases body’s metabolic rate, promotes normal growth and development
Source: Thyroid gland

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What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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Parathyroid Hormone

PTH

Target: Bones, intestines and kidneys
Increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity
Source: Parathyroid

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What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Target: Muscles and blood vessels
Increases blood pressure, heart and metabolic rate and blood sugar levels, dilates blood vessels… Released during exercise
Source: Adrenal medulla

Norepinephrine

Target: Muscles and blood vessels

Increases blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Aldosterone
Cortisone & Cortisol
Androgens and Estrogens

Aldosterone

Target: Kidneys
Regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood to control blood pressure
Source: Adrenal Cortex

Cortisone & Cortisol

Target: Liver and Adipose tissue
Increase the circulating level of glucose and free fatty acids
Source: Adrenal Cortex

Androgens

Target: Sex organs
Converted to testosterone and estrogen in males and females, responsible for secondary sex characteristics
Source: Adrenal Cortex

Estrogens

Target: Sex organs
Aids in the preparing of the uterus for implantation of the embryo
Source: Adrenal cortex

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Insulin

Glucagon

Insulin

Target: Throughout body Facilitates glucose intake by body cells Source: Pancreas

Glucagon

Target: Liver Releases glucose back into bloodstream, stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose Source: Pancreas

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin

Target: unclear but possibly pigment cells and sex organs May affect skin pigmentation, may regulate bio rhythms and prevents jet lag Source: Pineal gland

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Estrogen | Progesterone

Estrogen

Target: Female reproductive system Causes sexual development and growth, maintains proper functioning of female reproductive system Source: Ovaries

Progesterone

Target: Mammary glands and uterus Prepares uterus for pregnancy Source: ovaries

What hormone do the testes secrete?

Testosterone

Target: Throughout body Causes sexual development and growth spurt, maintains proper functioning of male reproductive system Source: Testes

What does the thymus secrete?

Thymosin

Target: White blood cells Promotes growth and development of white cells, helping the body fight infection Source: Thymus