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Anatomy Lab > Endocrine System-Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine System-Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A 
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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2
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

ACTH

A

Target: Adrenal cortex
Stimulates secretion of hydrocortisone from adrenal cortex
Source: Anterior pituitary

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3
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

FSH

A

Target: Testes and ovaries
Stimulates egg stimulation and sperm formation
Source: Anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Growth Hormone

GH

A

Target: All tissues
Increases rate of cell division, protein synthesis and promotes growth and development
Source: Anterior pituitary

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5
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

LH

A

Target: sex glands
Stimulates female ovulation and male secretion of testosterone
Source: Anterior Pituitary

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6
Q

Prolactin

PRL

A

Target: Mammary glands
Stimulates milk production in the breasts after childbirth
Source: Anterior Pituitary

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7
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

TSH

A

Target: Thyroid gland
Triggers secretion of thyroid hormones
Source: Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
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9
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

ADH

A

Target: Kidneys
Causes water retention from kidneys and regulates blood pressure
Source: Posterior Pituitary

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10
Q

Oxytocin

A

Target: Uterus and mammary glands
Triggers contraction of the uterus during labor, milk ejection from the mammary glands
Source: Posterior Pituitary

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11
Q

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A 
Calcitonin 
Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)
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12
Q

Calcitonin

A

Target: Bones
Decreases blood calcium level by increasing osteoblast activity
Source: Thyroid

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13
Q

Thyroid Hormone

T3 and T4

A

Target: Throughout body
Increases body’s metabolic rate, promotes normal growth and development
Source: Thyroid gland

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14
Q

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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15
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

PTH

A

Target: Bones, intestines and kidneys
Increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity
Source: Parathyroid

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16
Q

What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

17
Q

Epinephrine

A

Target: Muscles and blood vessels
Increases blood pressure, heart and metabolic rate and blood sugar levels, dilates blood vessels… Released during exercise
Source: Adrenal medulla

18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Target: Muscles and blood vessels

Increases blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels

19
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Aldosterone
Cortisone & Cortisol
Androgens and Estrogens

20
Q

Aldosterone

A

Target: Kidneys
Regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood to control blood pressure
Source: Adrenal Cortex

21
Q

Cortisone & Cortisol

A

Target: Liver and Adipose tissue
Increase the circulating level of glucose and free fatty acids
Source: Adrenal Cortex

22
Q

Androgens

A

Target: Sex organs
Converted to testosterone and estrogen in males and females, responsible for secondary sex characteristics
Source: Adrenal Cortex

23
Q

Estrogens

A

Target: Sex organs
Aids in the preparing of the uterus for implantation of the embryo
Source: Adrenal cortex

24
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

25
Q

Insulin

A

Target: Throughout body
Facilitates glucose intake by body cells
Source: Pancreas

26
Q

Glucagon

A

Target: Liver
Releases glucose back into bloodstream, stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Source: Pancreas

27
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

28
Q

Melatonin

A

Target: unclear but possibly pigment cells and sex organs
May affect skin pigmentation, may regulate bio rhythms and prevents jet lag
Source: Pineal gland

29
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Target: Female reproductive system
Causes sexual development and growth, maintains proper functioning of female reproductive system
Source: Ovaries

31
Q

Progesterone

A

Target: Mammary glands and uterus
Prepares uterus for pregnancy
Source: ovaries

32
Q

What hormone do the testes secrete?

A

Testosterone

33
Q

Testosterone

A

Target: Throughout body
Causes sexual development and growth spurt, maintains proper functioning of male reproductive system
Source: Testes

34
Q

What does the thymus secrete?

A

Thymosin

35
Q

Thymosin

A

Target: White blood cells
Promotes growth and development of white cells, helping the body fight infection
Source: Thymus

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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