Endocrine System - HORMONES

Question 1

Growth hormone
AKA Somatotropin

Answer 1

• Promotes body growth in young animals
• Helps reg the metabolism of proteins, carbs, & lipids in all the body’s cells.
• Anterior pituitary

Question 2

Prolactin

Answer 2

• Targets mammary tissue
• Trigger and maintain lactation (production of milk)
• No effect on males
• Anterior pituitary

Question 3

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Hint: Thyroid hormone causes things to grow

Answer 3

• Stimulates growth and development of the thyroid gland & causes it to produce its hormones
• Relates to the everyday maintenance of body metabolism
• Anterior pituitary

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 4

• Communicates with the adrenal CORTEX & releases of some of its hormones
• Anterior pituitary

Question 5

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 5

• Stimulates follicles, specifically in the ovaries (oogenesis).
• Also stimulates cells lining the follicles to produce & secrete estrogens.
• In males, stims spermatogenesis.
• Anterior pituitary

Question 6

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 6

“Luteinizing” - to cut or dissolve
- Completes the process of follicle development in the ovary.
- Increased amounts of estrogen feedback to the anterior pituitary* & cause FSH to reduce production & LH to increase. *Neg feedback loop!
- LH levels peak when the follicle is fully mature. Typically, it causes ovulation.
- Anterior pituitary

Question 7

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Hint: “Primitive Eye”

Answer 7

• Associated with control of color changes in the pigment cells (melanocytes).
  Ex: reptiles, fish, & amphibians.
• Administration of artificially large amounts of MSH to higher mammals can cause darkening of the skin from melanocyte stimulation.
• Anterior pituitary

Question 8

Posterior Pituitary
Hint: Doesn’t actually produce hormones

Answer 8

• STORES antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin.
• Transported from hypothalamus to posterior pit. & stored in nerve endings
• Periodically release into the bloodstream in response to nerve impulses from the hypothalamus.

Question 9

Antidiuretic homrone (ADH)

Answer 9

“To stop the release of large amounts of water in urine”
- Signals to make a more concentrated urine.
- ADH travels to the kidney, causing kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urine & return it to the bloodstream.
- Posterior pituitary

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

• Effects on the uterus: causes contraction of the myometrium at the time of breeding and parturition.
• Induces uterine contractions to aid with spermatozoa to the oviducts.
• Stimulates uterine contractions that aid in birth.
• Posterior pituitary

Question 11

Thyroid hormone

Answer 11

• Thyroid
• Targets all cells
• Action is growth and metabolic regulation.

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 12

• Parathyroid
• Targets kidneys, intestines and bones.
• Prevents hypoglycemia.

Question 13

Glucocorticoid hormones

Answer 13

• Adrenal cortex
• Targets whole body
• Increased blood glucose, blood pressure, & maintenance.

Question 14

Mineralocorticoid hormone

Answer 14

• Adrenal cortex
• Targets kidneys
• Sodium & water retention, and K elimination.

Question 15

Sex hormones

Answer 15

• Adrenal cortex
• Targets whole body
• Minimal effects

Question 16

Epinephrine & norepinephrine

Answer 16

• Adrenal medulla
• Targets whole body
• Fight or flight response

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

• Pancreas islets
• Targets all body cells
• Movement of glucose into cells and its use for energy.

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

• Pancreas islets
• Targets whole body
• Increases blood glucose

Question 19

Androgens

Answer 19

• Testis
• Targets whole body
• Anabolic effect, development of male secondary sex characteristics.

Question 20

Estrogens

Answer 20

• Ovaries
• Targets whole body
• Preparation for breeding and pregnancy

Question 21

Progestins

Answer 21

• Ovaries
• Targets uterus
• Preparation and maintenance of pregnancy