Endocrine system & homeostasis Flashcards
what is diabetes
a serious condition where your blood glucose levels is too high as the body struggles to regulate it
symptoms of diabetes
extreme thirst
fatigue
urinating more than normal
unexplained weight loss
blurred vision (long term potential blindness)
what is the difference between type one and type two diabetes
type 1 is an auto immune condition - body attacks insulin producing cells and no insulin is produced
type 2 is when the body’s production of insulin is insufficient to control blood glucose levels - it stays in the blood and is not used as a fuel to create energy
what are the risks or causes of diabetes
type 1 - family history
type 2 - family history, being overweight, increasing age
long term complications of diabetes
eyes - vision loss and blindness - retinopathy
kidneys - kidney failure
brain - stroke
heart - CHD
(due to plaque build up)
nerves - damage
cover limbs - amputation
monitoring treatment and care of diabetes
diabetics have to frequently test their blood glucose
regular eye screening tests for retinopathy (damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow)
regular foot checks for sores
type 1 and possibly 11 will need daily insulin injections
type 11 may be controlled by maintaining a healthy body weight through exercise and a healthy diet
what are the effects of living with diabetes?
monitoring - time consuming, inconvenient
effect of diet - can’t eat what you what, should eat relatively healthy
effect on family and friends - emotionally draining, they may have to look after you
effect on injecting - physical changes to fingers
description of CNS
controls everything
brain and spine
description on PNS
Branches off your spine
somatic NS
Consciously controlled
autonomic NS
Unconscious control
parasympathetic NS
tells body systems to slow down so you don’t waste energy.
opposite to sympathetic
sympathetic NS
speeding up things - not in consuous control
what is a motor neurone
a nerve that controls a muscle
makes a muscle contract
what is a sensory neuron
nerve of what you feel eg touch or smell
cerebral cortex
the wrinkly, outermost layer of the brain responsible for thinking and processing sensory information
cerebellum
behind the medulla. this is responsible for co ordinating gross and fine muscle activity and muscle
frontal lobes
where higher mental processes take place such as thinking, decision making and planninf
corpus callosum
aboce the hypothalamus is the corpus callosum- this is the bridge between the two halves of the brain (left and right sides) that enables communication
hypothalamus
above the brain stem and medulla is the hypothalamus - this is responsible for maintenance of our body temperature and regulation of our appetite and thirst
medulla
the spinal cord goes through the brain stem of which the medulla is part - this is responsible for breathing, swallowing and heart rate
meninges
three layers called meninges- these membranes form a barrier from the rest of the body and act as protection from infection
