Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology II > Endocrine System (Glands) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (Glands) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Example of Positive Feedback?

A

Contractions during childbirth where OT (Oxytocin) is continuously released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an Example of Negative Feedback?

A

thyroid hormone+ inhibits release of TRH by hypothalamus and of TSH by anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the Endocrine and Nervous systems specialize in and what do they use to do this?

A

Communication and Coordination. Endocrine uses hormones and Nervous uses neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 differences between the Endocrine and Exocrine glands?

A
  1. Exocrine glands have ducts Endocrine glands do not
  2. Exocrine does external secretions and Endocrine does internal secretions
  3. Exocrine glands have extracellular effects and Endocrine glands have intracellular effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 principle mechanisms of communication between cells that the body uses?

A

Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, hormones, and paracrines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 traits of communication in the nervous system?

A

Reacts quickly and stops quickly, response adapts quickly to long-term stimuli, targeted and specific to one organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 traits of communication in the endocrine system?

A

Reacts slowly, response adapts slowly to long-term stimuli, general/widespread affects to multiple organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located and what are the 2 parts?

A

suspended from hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum. Anterior and Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 6 hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis) ?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin Hormone (PH), and Growth Hormone (GH or somatotropin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 hormones secreted by the Posterior Pituitary Gland (Neurohypophysis) ?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin (OT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two Pituitary disorders caused by hyper-secretion of the GH?

A

Gigantism (continuation of bone growth during adolescence) and Acromegaly (thickening of bones and soft tissues during adulthood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Triggers thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates follicle development and estrogen secretion in females and sperm production in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates ovulation, stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone, stimulates testes to secrete testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does PH do?

A

Stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does GH do?

A

Stimulates cell growth and replication, mitosis, and cellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Increases water retention (reducing urine volume and prevents dehydration), Elevates blood pressure by vasoconstriction. (inactive: (adrenal disorder) Diabetes insipidus: chronic polyuria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does OT do?

A

Contractions during childbirth and lactation in mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What promotes the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in the hypothalamus? (TSH)

A

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What promotes the release of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in the hypothalamus? (ACTH)

A

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What promotes the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone in the hypothalamus (LH) ?

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What INHIBITS secretion of Prolactin Hormone in the hypothalamus (PH) ?

A

Prolactin Inhibitory Hormone (PIH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What INHIBITS secretion of Growth Hormone in the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland (GH) ?

A

Somatostatin in the Hypothalamus and TSH in the Pituitary Gland

25
Q

In times of stress the hypothalamus produces…?

A

ACTH

26
Q

During pregnancy the hypothalamus secretes…?

A

Prolactin

27
Q

Growth Hormone has widespread effects on which parts of the body?

A

Cartilage, muscle, bone, and fat

28
Q

What does the pineal gland (or internal clock) synthesize from serotonin at night?

A

Melatonin

29
Q

What are the 2 hormones released by the Thyroid Gland that are triggered by TSH?

A

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

30
Q

What are T3 and T4 responsible for in the body?

A

Increase metabolic rate, O2 consumption, heat production, appetite, alertness, and reflex speed

31
Q

What contains the protein: Colloid

A

Thyroid Follicles (lined by simple cuboidal cells)

32
Q

Which cells secrete Calcitonin?

A

C cells

33
Q

What do parathyroid glands secrete and where?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hypocalcemia

34
Q

What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

A

Promotes synthesis of calcitriol

35
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Adrenal Cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa (outer layer), Zona Fasciculata (middle layer), Zona Reticularis (inner layer)

36
Q

What does the Zona Glomerulosa secrete?

A

mineralocorticoids

37
Q

What does the Zona Fasciculata secrete?

A

glucocorticoids

38
Q

What does the Zona Reticularis secret?

A

Sex steroids

39
Q

What 2 hormones does the Adrenal Medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

40
Q

What do mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) do?

A

Regulate electrolyte balance (Na+ retention and K+ excretion)

41
Q

What do glucocorticoids (cortisol) do?

A

Increase blood-glucose level (Anti-inflammatory effect)

42
Q

What do sex steroids (androgens) do?

A

Plays large role in male development (converts to testosterone)

43
Q

What causes Cushing Syndrome and what are 3 effects?

A

Excess cortisol secretion causes it. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, abnormal fat deposition
(Moon face and buffalo hump)

44
Q

What are the 2 clusters of endocrine cells?

A

Langerhans and Pancreatic Islets

45
Q

What do Alpha cells produce?

A

Glucagon

46
Q

What do Beta cells produce?

A

Insulin

47
Q

What does Glucagon do?

A

Raises blood glucose

48
Q

What does Insulin do?

A

Lowers blood glucose

49
Q

What disorder is described as hyposecretion or inaction of insulin and what are the symptoms?

A

Diabetus Mellitus- intense thirst & hunger and excess urine output

50
Q

What is the hereditary type diabetes that uses insulin injections to monitor glucose levels?

A

Type I diabetes

51
Q

Which diabetes is 90%-95% of all diabetics that is treated mainly by diet and exercise?

A

Type II diabetes

52
Q

Where do T cells go through maturation?

A

The Thymus

53
Q

Testes and ovaries are both endocrine and..?

A

Exocrine. ( Eggs and sperm are exocrine and steroids are endocrine. )

54
Q

What are the 2 ovarian hormones?

A

progesterone and estrogen

55
Q

What hormone is secreted for 12 days following ovulation?

A

progesterone

56
Q

Which hormones develop female reproductive system, physique, regulates menstrual cycle, and sustains pregnancy?

A

Estradiol and Progesterone

57
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Stimulates development of male reproductive system in fetus and adolescent

58
Q

Kidneys play a role to produce what 3 hormones?

A

Calcitriol, Renin, and Erythropoietin

Anatomy and Physiology II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions