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Anatomy and Physiology II > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

What does cardiovascular system consist of?

A

Heart and blood vessels only

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3
Q

What is the study of blood?

A

Hematology

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transport, Protection, and Regulation

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5
Q

How many liters of blood do adults typically have?

A

4 to 6 liters

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6
Q

What does the liquid connective tissue (blood) consist of?

A

Formed elements (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and plasma

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7
Q

What are the 7 kinds of formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes, Platelets, Leukocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes.

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8
Q

What are the 3 granulocytes? (with granules)

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

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9
Q

What are the 2 agranulocytes? (without granules)

A

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

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10
Q

What are 6 functions of blood to maintain homeostasis?

A

Transports substances to and from capillaries, Guards against pathogen invasion, Regulates body temperature, Buffers body pH, Maintain osmotic pressure, Clots prevent blood/fluid loss

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11
Q

What are 4 characteristics of RBCs?

A

Small, biconcave discs, contains hemoglobin, no nucleus

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12
Q

Where are RBCs manufactured?

A

Bone marrow of skull, ribs, vertebrae, and ends of long bones.

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13
Q

Which cells are important in inflammatory response?

A

White blood cells

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14
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

by fragments of megakaryocytes

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15
Q

What do blood clots consist of?

A

Platelets, RBCs, and fibrin threads

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16
Q

Centrifuge blood to separate components

A

Hematocrit

17
Q

What are the compositions of the 3 layers after blood components are separated?

A

37-52% RBCs, 1% WBCs and remainder is Plasma.

18
Q

What are the 3 major categories of plasma proteins?

A

Albumins (Influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance), Globulins (immune system functions: alpha, beta, gamma globulins), and Fibrinogens (help form blood clots)

19
Q

All plasma proteins are formed by the liver except for…?

A

Globulins which are created by plasma cells

20
Q

What is the production of blood scientifically called?

A

Hemopoiesis

21
Q

What are the 2 principle functions of Erythrocytes?

A

Carry 02 from lungs to cell tissues and pick up C02 from tissues back to lungs

22
Q

Where does RBC hemolysis occur?

A

Spleen and liver

23
Q

What is leukopoiesis and erythropoiesis?

A

WBC and RBC productions respectively

24
Q

A significant drop to RBC count causes?

A

Hypoxemia (corrector: kidney stimulates red bone marrow and count goes back up)

25
Q

When RBC count is always low this is called?

A

Anemia

26
Q

What are some symptoms of sickle cell disease?

A

RBCs become rigid, sticky, pointed at ends, Clump together and block small blood vessels, Can lead to kidney or heart failure, stroke, joint pain, or paralysis

27
Q

Proteins on surface of RBC that are the basis for blood typing are?

A

Antigens

28
Q

Proteins (gamma globulins) that bind to antigens are?

A

Antibodies

29
Q

What causes clumping of red blood cells?

A

Agglutination

30
Q

Which granulocytes’ numbers increase when there is a bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

Which granulocytes is involved in allergic reactions?

A

Eosinophils

32
Q

Which granulocytes has a large S-shaped nucleus?

A

Basophils

33
Q

What’s leukopenia?

A

Low WBC count

34
Q

What’s leukocytosis?

A

High WBC count

35
Q

What is thrombopoiesis?

A

Platelet production

36
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

abnormal clotting in unbroken vessel

37
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

Clot that stays where is was initially formed

38
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A clot that can travel in blood and block blood vessel

39
Q

What is leukemia?

A

cancer of hemopoietic tissue usually producing a very high number of circulating leukocytes

Anatomy and Physiology II (3 decks)

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