Blood Flashcards
What does the circulatory system consist of?
heart, blood vessels, and blood
What does cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart and blood vessels only
What is the study of blood?
Hematology
What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?
Transport, Protection, and Regulation
How many liters of blood do adults typically have?
4 to 6 liters
What does the liquid connective tissue (blood) consist of?
Formed elements (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and plasma
What are the 7 kinds of formed elements?
Erythrocytes, Platelets, Leukocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes.
What are the 3 granulocytes? (with granules)
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
What are the 2 agranulocytes? (without granules)
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
What are 6 functions of blood to maintain homeostasis?
Transports substances to and from capillaries, Guards against pathogen invasion, Regulates body temperature, Buffers body pH, Maintain osmotic pressure, Clots prevent blood/fluid loss
What are 4 characteristics of RBCs?
Small, biconcave discs, contains hemoglobin, no nucleus
Where are RBCs manufactured?
Bone marrow of skull, ribs, vertebrae, and ends of long bones.
Which cells are important in inflammatory response?
White blood cells
How are platelets formed?
by fragments of megakaryocytes
What do blood clots consist of?
Platelets, RBCs, and fibrin threads
Centrifuge blood to separate components
Hematocrit
What are the compositions of the 3 layers after blood components are separated?
37-52% RBCs, 1% WBCs and remainder is Plasma.
What are the 3 major categories of plasma proteins?
Albumins (Influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance), Globulins (immune system functions: alpha, beta, gamma globulins), and Fibrinogens (help form blood clots)
All plasma proteins are formed by the liver except for…?
Globulins which are created by plasma cells
What is the production of blood scientifically called?
Hemopoiesis
What are the 2 principle functions of Erythrocytes?
Carry 02 from lungs to cell tissues and pick up C02 from tissues back to lungs
Where does RBC hemolysis occur?
Spleen and liver
What is leukopoiesis and erythropoiesis?
WBC and RBC productions respectively
A significant drop to RBC count causes?
Hypoxemia (corrector: kidney stimulates red bone marrow and count goes back up)
When RBC count is always low this is called?
Anemia
What are some symptoms of sickle cell disease?
RBCs become rigid, sticky, pointed at ends, Clump together and block small blood vessels, Can lead to kidney or heart failure, stroke, joint pain, or paralysis
Proteins on surface of RBC that are the basis for blood typing are?
Antigens
Proteins (gamma globulins) that bind to antigens are?
Antibodies
What causes clumping of red blood cells?
Agglutination
Which granulocytes’ numbers increase when there is a bacterial infection?
Neutrophils
Which granulocytes is involved in allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
Which granulocytes has a large S-shaped nucleus?
Basophils
What’s leukopenia?
Low WBC count
What’s leukocytosis?
High WBC count
What is thrombopoiesis?
Platelet production
What is thrombosis?
abnormal clotting in unbroken vessel
What is a thrombus?
Clot that stays where is was initially formed
What is an embolus?
A clot that can travel in blood and block blood vessel
What is leukemia?
cancer of hemopoietic tissue usually producing a very high number of circulating leukocytes
