(endocrine system) function, glands & hormones

Question 1

what is the human endocrine system composed of

Answer 1

glands which secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into bloodstream

Question 2

what are the effects of hormones like compared to nervous system

Answer 2

slower but last longer

Question 3

function of endocrine system

Answer 3

• instructs glands to release hormones into bloodstream
• hormones carried towards target organs
• timing of hormone release is critical & the levels of hormones

Question 4

name 6 of the most important glands

Answer 4

• pituitary gland
• pancreas
• thyroid
• adrenal glands
• ovaries (females)
• testes (males)

Question 5

describe the function/role of the adrenal gland

Answer 5

• 2 adrenal glands sit on top of kidney
• adrenal gland has 2 parts: (outer part) adrenal cortex & (inner region) adrenal medulla
• adrenal cortex produces cortisol (stress hormone)
• adrenal medulla releases adrenaline & noradrenaline
• adrenaline helps body respond to stressful situations (fight or flight)
• noradrenaline constricts blood vessels = BP increase

Question 6

describe the function/role of the pituitary gland

Answer 6

• ‘master gland’
• 2 parts: anterior (front) & posterior (back)
• anterior pituitary produces ACTH as response to stress
• ACTH stimulates adrenal glands to produce cortisol

Question 7

ACTH

Answer 7

adrenocorticotrophic

Question 8

describe the function/role of the testes

Answer 8

• male reproductive glands
• produce hormone testosterone
• testosterone causes development of male characteristics eg. facial hair
• testosterone production controlled by hypothalamus & pituitary gland

Question 9

describe the function/role of the ovaries

Answer 9

• 2 ovaries
• part of female reproductive system
• responsible for production of eggs & for hormones eg. oestrogen