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BIOL 2151 Anatomy and Phys Lab II > Endocrine System and Blood > Flashcards

Endocrine System and Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

An organ that secretes one or more hormones (chemical messengers) from the cell. This is their only function.

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2
Q

What is endocrine tissue?

A

Found in organs that have other functions in addition to hormone production.

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3
Q

The endocrine glands are derived out of what type of cells?

A

Epithelium

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4
Q

A malignant tumor of epithelial tissue

A

Adenocarcinoma (Account for 90-95% of all colorectal cancers)

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5
Q

What are the tropic hormones of the pituitary gland?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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6
Q

What are the non-tropic hormones?

A

GH and PRL

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7
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin - causes drowsiness and has strong antioxidant effects.

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8
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Roof of the 3rd Ventricle in the Brain

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9
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 2

A

Thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 4

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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11
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 5

A

Trachea

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12
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 6

A

Aorta

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13
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 7

A

Left lobe of thyroid gland

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14
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 8

A

Left subclavian artery

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15
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 9

A

Isthmus of thyroid gland

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16
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 10

A

Superior thyroid artery

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17
Q

Name the structures of the thyroid gland - 11

A

Epiglottis

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18
Q

Name the structures of the parathyroid gland - 1

A

Pharynx (posterior)

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19
Q

Name the structures of the parathyroid gland - 2

A

Thyroid gland

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20
Q

Name the structures of the parathyroid gland - 3

A

Esophagus

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21
Q

Name the structures of the parathyroid gland - 4

A

Trachea

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22
Q

Name the structures of the parathyroid gland - 5

A

Parathyroid glands

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23
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - 1

A

Capsule

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24
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - 2

A

Zona glomerulosa

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25
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - 3

A

Zona fasciculata

26
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - 4

A

Zona reticularis

27
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - 5

A

Adrenal medulla

28
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - A

29
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - B

30
Q

Name the structures of the adrenal glands - C

31
Q

Which zone of the adrenal gland makes and secretes aldosterone?

A

Zona glomerulosa of the cortex

32
Q

Which zone makes and secretes the catecholamines?

A

Adrenal medulla of the medulla

33
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - 1

A

Optic chiasma

34
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - 2

A

Infundibulum

35
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - 3

A

Hypophyseal tract

36
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - 4

A

Axon terminals

37
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - 5

A

Posterior Lobe

38
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - A

A

Hypothalamic neurons synthesize oxytocin and ADH

39
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - B

A

Oxytocin and ADH are transported down the axons of the hypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary.

40
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - C

A

Oxytocin and ADH are stored in the axon terminals

41
Q

Name the structures and functions in the posterior pituitary gland - D

A

When associated hypothalmic neurons fire, action potentials arriving at the axon terminals cause Oxytocin and ADH to be released into the blood.

42
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

In the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

43
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - 1

A

Hypothalamic neurons synthesize releasing and inhibiting hormones: GHRH, GHIH, TRH, CRH, GnRH, PIH

44
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - 2

A

Primary capillary plexus

45
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - 3

A

Hypophyseal portal veins

46
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - 4

A

Secondary capillary plexus

47
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - A

A

When appropriately stimulated, hypothalamic neurons secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones into the primary capillary plexus.

48
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - B

A

Hypothalamic hormones travel through the portal veins where they stimulate or inhibit hormones in the anterior pituitary gland.

49
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - C

A

In response to releasing hormones, hormones are secreted into the secondary capillary plexus. This in turn empties into the general circulation.

50
Q

Name the structure and function of the anterior pituitary gland - D

A

Six major hormones of the anterior pituitary gland - GH, PRL, TSH, FSH, LH and ACTH

51
Q

Describe the white blood cells in the order in which they appear.

A
  1. Neutrophils - Multilobed nucleus, pale, read and blue cytoplasmic granules
  2. Eosinophils - Bi-lobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules
  3. Basophils - Bi-lobed nucleus, purplish, black granules
  4. Lymphocytes - Large spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm
  5. Monocytes - Kidney shaped nucleus, pale blue cytoplasm
52
Q

What is the function of the white blood cells in the order in which they appear?

A
  1. Neutrophils - Phagocytize bacteria
  2. Eosinophils - Kill parasitic worms, complex role in allergy and asthma
  3. Basophils - release histamine for inflammation. Contain heparin
  4. Lymphocytes - Attack cells produce antibodies
  5. Monocytes - Turn into macrophages and phagocytose
53
Q

What is the duration of the white blood cells in the order in which they appear? Development (D) and Life Span (LS)

A
  1. Neutrophils - D: 14 days, LS: 6 hrs - few days
  2. Eosinophils - D: 14 days, LS: 5 days
  3. Basophils - D: 1-7 days, LS: hours to days
  4. Lymphocytes - D: days to weeks, LS: hours to years
  5. Monocytes - D: 1-3 days, LS: 5 months
54
Q

Blood is _____ red when oxygenated and ________ red when deoxygenated.

A

bright; dark

55
Q

What is the percentage of plasma and formed elements in blood?

A

55% plasma and 45% formed elements

56
Q

What make up the formed elements of blood?

A

Erythrocytes (45% hematocrit), Leukocytes and Platelets

57
Q

What makes up plasma?

A

90% water, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3), Proteins (albumin, fibrinogen, antibodies), Nutrients, waste, gases, hormones.

58
Q

Which endocrine tissue is both endocrine and exocrine?

A

Pancreas - Endocrine (glucagon and insulin) and Exocrine (digestive enzymes)

59
Q

How does the pancreas malfunctioning contribute to Type I diabetes?

A

Produces little to no insulin. No binding to receptors due to unavailability.

60
Q

How does the pancreas malfunctioning contribute to Type II diabetes?

A

Produces enough insulin. No binding to receptors due to affinity changes on the insulin receptors.

61
Q

Which cells of the pancreas secrete hormones into the blood vessels?

A

Islets of Langerhans cells

BIOL 2151 Anatomy and Phys Lab II (6 decks)

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