Endocrine system A

Question 1

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

the main functions of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones that change the function of tissues to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

In what ways do endocrine glands and exocrine glands differ?

Answer 2

• endocrine glands secrete hormones and do not have a duct, and secrete into interstitial fluid,
• exocrine glands secrete substances through a duct, and secrete onto a surface like skin.

Question 3

What are humoral, neural and hormonal stimuli?

Answer 3

humoral stimuli relates directly to the blood changing, neural relates to nerve impulses, and hormonal relates to hormones being secreted.

Question 4

What are some examples of humoral, neural and hormonal stimuli?

Answer 4

humeral could be high blood calcium concentration, neural could be nerve impulses from the hypothalamus causes a hormone secretion, and hormonal stimuli could be a follicle stimulating hormone causing fallacies to grow.

Question 5

Where are the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes located?

Answer 5

• the ovaries are lateral to the uterus.
• the pituitary glands are located inferior to the thyroid.
• the pancreas are inferior to the adrenal glands.

Question 5

How does negative feedback control secretion of hormones?

Answer 5

• negative feedback is completely in control of the secretion of hormones, its balancing and regulating so that the body can maintain homeostasis. A stimulus will causes the secretion of another hormone which might prevent further secretion of the first hormone.

Question 6

What hormones do the anterior and posterior pituitary glands secrete?

Answer 6

the anterior pituitary glands secrete hormone Oxytocin, and the posterior pituitary glands secrete Antidiuretic hormones.

Question 7

Can you briefly describe the effects that anterior and posterior pituitary hormones have on their target organs?

Answer 7

the anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk secretion and controls the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland secretion of hormones.

• the posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water.

Question 8

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 8

the thyroid glands are located in the anterior neck, inferior to the larynx.

Question 9

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 9

they secrete triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).

Question 10

Can you briefly describe the effect that hormones secreted by the thyroid have on their targets?

Answer 10

it increases the metabolic rate of all cells.

Question 11

What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 11

• the parathyroid glands secrete the parathyroid hormone.

Question 12

what effect does the parathyroid hormone have on its target?

Answer 12

it increases blood calcium ion concentration.

Question 13

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 13

the thymus is located inferior to the thyroid and medial to both left and right lungs.

Question 14

What hormone does the thymus secrete?

Answer 14

the thymus secretes a group of hormones called thymosin.

Question 15

Can you briefly describe the effect that the hormone secreted by the thymus has?

Answer 15

this hormone helps the development of the immune system during childhood.

Question 16

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 16

The adrenal glands secrete aldosterone, cortisol and androgens, and adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Question 17

Can you briefly describe the effect that hormones secreted by the adrenal glands have on their targets?

Answer 17

brings about a response from the body, for example the adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones receive a flight or fight response from their targets.

Question 18

What hormones do the pancreas secrete?

Answer 18

they secrete insulin -t increases the rate of glucose uptake and metabolism by most body cells and glucagon -

Question 19

Where are the pancreas located?

Answer 19

the pancreas are located partially posterior to the stomach.

Question 20

Can you briefly describe the effect that hormones secreted by the pancreas have on their targets?

Answer 20

increases blood glucose concentration.

Question 21

What hormones do the ovaries and testes secrete?

Answer 21

• the ovaries secrete oestrogens and progesterone
• the testes secrete testosterone.

Question 22

Can you briefly describe the effect that hormones secreted by the ovaries and testes have on their targets?

Answer 22

• they are development hormones