Endocrine System

Question 1

Protein hormone

Answer 1

A hormone composed of chains of amino acids that is water soluble; usually acts on cell membrane receptors
Ex. growth factors

Question 2

Steroid hormone

Answer 2

A hormone composed of cholesterol that is not very water soluble; usually passes through the cell membrane and acts in receptors inside the cell
Ex. aldosterone, cortisol, and the sex hormone

Question 3

Glucagon

Answer 3

A hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas that raises the blood glucose level by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver

Question 4

Hypothalamus

Answer 4

The region of the brain that releases hormones to control the pituitary gland, which, in turn, controls other endocrine glands

Question 5

Neurohormone

Answer 5

A hormone produced by neurons, such as in the hypothalamus, that controls the production of other hormones in the pituitary gland

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

A two-lobed gland within the cranial cavity that produces hormones that control the other endocrine glands

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

An endocrine gland located in the throat that is regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary system

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 8

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that controls calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

Question 9

Pineal gland

Answer 9

An endocrine gland located in or on the brain of vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin to regulate biological rhythms

Question 10

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 10

Endocrine cell clusters inside the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon

Question 11

Type I Diabetes (juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes)

Answer 11

Occurs in infants (born) when the beta cells in the pancreas don’t produce insulin and treated with daily insulin injections or pumps

Question 12

Type II Diabetes

Answer 12

Occurs in adults when there’s a reduced insulin production and/or the ability of insulin to bind to its receptors properly and treated with proper diet and exercise

Question 13

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 13

Occurs in about 2-10% of pregnant women when high glucose develops, but it usually temporary

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

The main male sex hormone, which stimulates and controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 15

Estrogens

Answer 15

Predominantly female sex hormones, including estradiol, that trigger sexual development

Question 16

Progestins

Answer 16

Predominantly female sex hormones, including progesterone, that control the menstrual cycle

Question 17

Synthetic hormone

Answer 17

A hormone created by humans that behaves like a natural hormone
Ex. prednisone

Question 18

Gonads

Answer 18

Glands responsible for the production of sex hormones, as well as the egg and sperm cells; called testes in males and ovaries in females

Question 19

Androgens

Answer 19

Predominantly male sex hormones, including testosterone, that control sexual development and reproduction

Question 20

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 20

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary, which, in turn, control the synthesis and release of the male or female sex hormones in the gonads

Question 21

Oogenesis

Answer 21

The production of eggs, or ova, from oocytes in the ovaries by two meiotic divisions

Question 22

Menopause

Answer 22

The end of a female’s reproductive capability, after which menstruation ceases and female hormone levels drop

Question 23

Menstrual cycle

Answer 23

The monthly cycle of events in a sexually mature female that prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg

Question 24

Spermatogenesis

Answer 24

The production and development of sperm cells in the testes

Question 25

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 25

Development of the egg in the ovaries and sperm in the seminiferous tubules

Question 26

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 26

Production of testosterone and triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum