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Pathophysiology Final Exam (Exam 4) > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

catecholamines

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2
Q

what does the adrenal cortex secrete

A

steroid hormones

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3
Q

what is phenochromocytoma

A

over secretion of catecholamines by the adrenal medulla

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4
Q

regulation of aldosterone is via what

A

renin

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5
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

helps us retain water and Na

helps us secrete K+ and H+ in the urine

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6
Q

what regulates cortisol

A

ACTH (from the anterior pituitary gland)

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7
Q

What does cortisol do

A

Raises blood glucose (from catabolism)–negative nitrogen balance due to protein depletion
Mobilizes/Redistributes fat
Suppressess the immune system

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8
Q

what would be given to someone who just had an organ transplant and you want to suppress immune function

A

glucocorticoids (prednisone)

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9
Q

name a glucocorticoid

A

cortisol

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10
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome

A

primary hyperaldosteronism (adrenal hyperplasia)

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11
Q

loss of H+ and K+ via secretion occurs with what

A

Hyperaldosteronism

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12
Q

does metabolic alkalosis or acidosis occur with hyperaldosteronism

A

aklalosis

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13
Q

are K+ levels too low or high with hyperaldosteronism

A

too low (bc H+ is being secereted in urine with the K+ but Na is staying inside the body)

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14
Q

what causes secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

renal disease (excess renin which leads to excessive production of aldosterone)

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15
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids
(primary = tumor)
(secondary = exogenous glucocorticoids….drugs)

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16
Q

common things seen with Cushing’s

A

Moon face, thin skin, adipose tissue all over, stretch marks, thin lumbs but trunk obese, and poor healing (bruise a lot)

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17
Q

Buffalo hump is seen with what

A

Cushing’s

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18
Q

What can be a cause of left ventricular dilated hypertrophy

A

anabolic steroids

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19
Q

what is Addison’s dz

A

Hyposecretion of aldosterone

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20
Q

what would you see in someone with Addison’s dz

A

sodium loss, hypovolemic shock, hypotension, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypermelanosis (Vitiligo)

21
Q

what secretes GH

A

the anterior pit

22
Q

what is somatostain

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone (tells the anterior pituitray to produce less GH)

23
Q

what are some things that tells us to produce GHRH or somatostatin

A

circadian rhythm, stress, fasting

24
Q

Where does GH act by causing insulin like growth factors to be released

A

liver

25
Q

what are functions of GH

A

increase blood glucose, cartilage growth, and bone and tissue growth

26
Q

oversecretion of GH (STH) after growth plates have closed

A

Acromegaly

27
Q

Prognathism is seen in what

A

Acromegaly

28
Q

does height incr with acromegaly

A

no, just bulk

29
Q

tunnel vision is seen with what

A

acromegaly

30
Q

what is tunnel vision and what is it caused by

A

lateral visual fields impaired due to the medial retinal fibers being compromised

31
Q

increased GH before the growth plates have closed

A

Gigantism

32
Q

increase in height and size

A

Gignatism

33
Q

People with normal or large heads but short upper and lower limbs

A

Achondroplasia

34
Q

What is the function of T3 and T4

A
  • controls rate of metabolic processes in the body

- influences physical/cognitive development

35
Q

what from the anterior pit causes T3 and T4 to be released from the thyroid

A

TSH

36
Q

Physiological effects of T3/T4

A 
Incr metabolic rate
Incr cardiac excitability
Incr BP
Incr GI motility, diarrhea
Weight loss
Hyperactive DTRs
37
Q

Hyperthyroidism =

A

Graves Dz

38
Q

what is exophthalmos and who is it seen in

A

increaed palpebral fissure and proptosis of the eyeballs. bug eyes. fat layers builds up behind the eyes so the eyes are pushed forward

Seen in those with Graves Dz

39
Q

what is Myxedema

A

Hypothyroidism

40
Q

A colloid goiter would be seen in who and why

A

someone with iodine deficieny. this would occur bc iodine is needed to produce T3 and T4 in the thyroid, so as a result of the lack of iodine the thyroid enlarges as comepensation

41
Q

What is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

autoimmune dz destroying cells in the thymus leading to a lack of T3 and T4 (hypothyroidism)

42
Q

What is Cretinism

A

Congential Deficieny of thyroid hormones. leads to mental issues and stunted growth

43
Q

What is the role of PTH

A

to regulate calcium in the blood

44
Q

increased PTH leads to what

A

high blood Ca levels

45
Q

decreased PTH leads to what

A

low blood Ca levels

46
Q

Tetany with carpal spasm is due to what

A

PTH undersecretion

47
Q

what is Trousseau’s sign and who is it seen in

A

helps see if someone has PTH undersecretion and tetany in the carpals

48
Q

A risorial grin and resp arrest is seen in who

A

those with PTH undersecretion

49
Q

True or false: PTH oversecretion cna lead to osteoporosis

A

true

Pathophysiology Final Exam (Exam 4) (7 decks)

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