Diabetes Flashcards
when the pancreas is not producing insulin
type 1 diabetes
reduced insulin sensitivity
type 2 diabetes
what is the leading cause of death for those with diabetes
heart dz
what is the leading cause of blindness
diabetes mellitus
what is the leading US cause of LE amputations
diabetes
what is the leading cause of kidney dz in the US
Diabetic nephropathy
what characterizes diabetic nephropathy
elevated protein (albumin) in the urine
What do beta cell produce and secrete
insulin
what does insulin do
lowers blood glucose by transporting glucose across cell membranes
explain how insulin gets glucose inside the cell
- Insulin attatches to insulin receptors
- This activates Glucose Transporters (G4)
- G4 transports glucose across the cell membrane
what do alpha cells do
secrete glucagon which raises blood sugar
true or false: glucagon converts liver glycogen to glucose
true
what is secreted when there is high blood glucose
insulin by the beta cells
what is secreted when there is low blood glucose
glucagon by the alpha cells
normal glucose level
70-100%mg
prediabetes level
100-125mg%
diabetes level for FPG
over 126%
3 P’s that occur with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
what is Glycated hemoglobin (HGB A1C)
the average amount of glucose to which a RBC has been exposed during its life cycle (between 3-4 months)
Above what value is diabtes for HGB A1C
Above 6.5%=DM
Criteria for the Diagnosis of diabetes
- A1C over 6.5%
- FPG over 125mg/dl
- 2 hour plasma glucos over 200mg/dL
- Random plasma glucose over 200mg/dL
true or false: glucose may be excreted in the urine after a meal of high carbs in someone with diabetes
true
what is glucosuria
glucose renal tubular reabsorption ability is exceeded (too much
Indicators of metabolic syndrome
- Central Obesity
- Hyperlipidemia
- Elevated BP
- Insulin resistance of glucose intolerance
- Prothrombotic state
- Proinflammatory state