Endocrine System Flashcards
Pineal gland
Melatonin involved in sleep-wake cycle and timing of puberty, serotonin, DMT
Hypothalamus
Produces antidiuretic and oxytocin, controls body temp., conscious behaviour, emotions, instinct and automatic control over body system.
Temperature response
Skin has receptors that send info via spinal cord to hypothalamus. H has automatic response and there are also voluntary and conscious responses.
Pituitary gland
Controlled by hypothalamus, activates other glands in the ES by the hormones it releases
Thyroid gland
Produces thyroxin that regulates rate of food metabolism. Hyper gives rise to nervousness while hypo leads to lack of energy and weight gain.
Thymus gland
Produces hormones involved in development of white blood cells. Starts to shrink after puberty.
Heart
Produces hormone atriopeptin that reduces blood volume and pressure.
Stomach
To stimulate appetite: Ghrelin, fat tissues decrease production of leptin and insulin. These suppress production of melanocortin
To suppress the appetite: Fat tissues increase production of leptin and insulin that triggers melanocortin that signals the hypothalamus
Adrenal gland
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine that activate the sympathetic nervous system. Also secrete corticoids, glucose and potassium.
Kidney
Secretes hormones for production of red blood cells in bone marrow.
Thirst response
› Body water level falls, salt concentration increases, blood volume decreases.
› Pressure receptors in cardiovascular system and salt sensitive cells in hypothalamus detect the changes.
› Pituitary releases ADH, acts on kidneys to retain water, produce less urine.
› Kidney secretes a hormone through blood, goes back to hypothalamus that activates more ADH cells, creates thirst.
Pancreas
Releases insulin and glucagon. Hypoglycemia is too much insulin and too little insulin is diabetes. Insulin breaks down glucose.
Intestines
Hormones to stimulate enzymes for digestion
Sex glands
Gonads release sex hormones important in reproduction and secondary sex characteristics. Androgens give sexual motivation.
