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DDS1-histology > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of hormones

A
  1. protein and glycoprotein
  2. small peptides
  3. AA derivatives
  4. steroids
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2
Q

type of hormone -insulin

A

protein

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3
Q

type of hormone - E and NE

A

AA derivates

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4
Q

type of hormone - adrenal cortical hormones

A

steroid

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5
Q

endocrine signalling

A

goes into blood or lymph and travels throughout body

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6
Q

autocrine

A

response on same cell its secreted from

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7
Q

paracrine

A

response on neighbouring cell

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8
Q

cell-cell contact

A

diffuse through gap junctions

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9
Q

arrangement of cell in exo gland

A

tubular or acinar

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10
Q

arrangement of cells in endo glands

A

cords or clusters

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11
Q

endo blood supply

A

rich, with lots of capillaries and sinusoids

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12
Q

pituitary gland sits in a body cavity called

A

sella turcica

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13
Q

pituitary gland is controlled by

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

tropic hormones

A

FLAT:

  • FSH
  • LH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
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15
Q

non tropic hormones

A
  • Prolactin
  • growth hormone
  • ADH
  • oxytocin
  • melanocyte stimulating hormone
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16
Q

posterior pit gland is also called

A

pars nervosa

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17
Q

origin of post pit gland

A

down growth of hypothalamus

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18
Q

post pit gland is joined by

A

pit stalk

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19
Q

anterior pit gland origin

A

primitive oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch)

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20
Q

parts of the anterior pit gland

A
  • pars distalis: bulk of gland
  • pars intermedia: thin tissue bt ant and post
  • pars tuberalis: the tube part that wraps around pit stalk
21
Q

cell types of ant pit gland

A
  1. chromophils
    - basophil
    - acidophil
  2. chromophobes
22
Q

which hormones of ant pit are acidophils

A

gh and prolactin

23
Q

majority of hormones in ant pit are controlled by

A

hypothalamus

24
Q

prolactin release

A

dopamine

25
Q

growth hormone release

A

releasing and inhibitory hormones

26
Q

what makes and secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

pars intermedia of ant pit gland

27
Q

post pit gland is mostly made up of

A

nonmyelinated axons

28
Q

distensions of terminated axons that contact capillaries in the post pit gland

A

herring bodies

29
Q

which hormones does the post pit gland secrete

A
  • ADH (vasopressin)

- oxytocin

30
Q

functional unit of thyroid gland

A

thyroid follicle

31
Q

thyroid follicles are made up of

A

single layer of cuboidal cells in a circle surrounding colloid

32
Q

what is found in the colloid of the thyroid follicle

A

thyroglobulin (iodinated form of T3 and T4)

33
Q

function of parafollicular cells or C cells

A

secrete calcitonin

34
Q

goiter

A

most common form of thyroid disease

  • cant make thyroid
  • cause: iodine deficiency
35
Q

parathyroid gland

A

secrete PTH

36
Q

2 types of cells in parathyroid gland

A
  1. chief cells or principal cells

2. oxyphil cells

37
Q

chief cells

A

white cytoplasm

-makes and secretes PTH

38
Q

oxyphil cell

A

pink cytoplasm

39
Q

parathyroid adenoma

A

excessive production of pth (hyperparathyroidism)

40
Q

primary hyperparathyroidims

A
  • parathyroid adenoma

- hypercalcemia (high calcium)

41
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A
  • enlarged glands
  • too much PTH
  • lose calcium in urine bc of kidney failure
42
Q

adrena medulla

A

E and NE (A and NA)

  • cell type: chromaffin cells
  • under control of sympathetic ns
43
Q

layers of adrena cortex

A

gomerulosa (outer)
fasciculata
reticularis (inner)

44
Q

zone glomerulosa

A

secrete mineralocotcoid hormones (aldosterone)

-under control of renin angio system

45
Q

zona fasciculata

A
  • broadest
  • secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  • under control of ACTH
46
Q

addison’s disease

A

low adrenal cortical hormones

47
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

high glucocorticoids

48
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumor of medulla

49
Q

delta cells of inslet of langerhans

A

secrete somatostatin

DDS1-histology (15 decks)

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