endocrine system Flashcards
4 types of hormones
- protein and glycoprotein
- small peptides
- AA derivatives
- steroids
type of hormone -insulin
protein
type of hormone - E and NE
AA derivates
type of hormone - adrenal cortical hormones
steroid
endocrine signalling
goes into blood or lymph and travels throughout body
autocrine
response on same cell its secreted from
paracrine
response on neighbouring cell
cell-cell contact
diffuse through gap junctions
arrangement of cell in exo gland
tubular or acinar
arrangement of cells in endo glands
cords or clusters
endo blood supply
rich, with lots of capillaries and sinusoids
pituitary gland sits in a body cavity called
sella turcica
pituitary gland is controlled by
hypothalamus
tropic hormones
FLAT:
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
non tropic hormones
- Prolactin
- growth hormone
- ADH
- oxytocin
- melanocyte stimulating hormone
posterior pit gland is also called
pars nervosa
origin of post pit gland
down growth of hypothalamus
post pit gland is joined by
pit stalk
anterior pit gland origin
primitive oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch)
parts of the anterior pit gland
- pars distalis: bulk of gland
- pars intermedia: thin tissue bt ant and post
- pars tuberalis: the tube part that wraps around pit stalk
cell types of ant pit gland
- chromophils
- basophil
- acidophil - chromophobes
which hormones of ant pit are acidophils
gh and prolactin
majority of hormones in ant pit are controlled by
hypothalamus
prolactin release
dopamine
growth hormone release
releasing and inhibitory hormones
what makes and secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone
pars intermedia of ant pit gland
post pit gland is mostly made up of
nonmyelinated axons
distensions of terminated axons that contact capillaries in the post pit gland
herring bodies
which hormones does the post pit gland secrete
- ADH (vasopressin)
- oxytocin
functional unit of thyroid gland
thyroid follicle
thyroid follicles are made up of
single layer of cuboidal cells in a circle surrounding colloid
what is found in the colloid of the thyroid follicle
thyroglobulin (iodinated form of T3 and T4)
function of parafollicular cells or C cells
secrete calcitonin
goiter
most common form of thyroid disease
- cant make thyroid
- cause: iodine deficiency
parathyroid gland
secrete PTH
2 types of cells in parathyroid gland
- chief cells or principal cells
2. oxyphil cells
chief cells
white cytoplasm
-makes and secretes PTH
oxyphil cell
pink cytoplasm
parathyroid adenoma
excessive production of pth (hyperparathyroidism)
primary hyperparathyroidims
- parathyroid adenoma
- hypercalcemia (high calcium)
secondary hyperparathyroidism
- enlarged glands
- too much PTH
- lose calcium in urine bc of kidney failure
adrena medulla
E and NE (A and NA)
- cell type: chromaffin cells
- under control of sympathetic ns
layers of adrena cortex
gomerulosa (outer)
fasciculata
reticularis (inner)
zone glomerulosa
secrete mineralocotcoid hormones (aldosterone)
-under control of renin angio system
zona fasciculata
- broadest
- secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- under control of ACTH
addison’s disease
low adrenal cortical hormones
cushing’s syndrome
high glucocorticoids
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of medulla
delta cells of inslet of langerhans
secrete somatostatin
