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Level 3 PT Course YMCA Online > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system’s job

A

react to environment and create homeostasis

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2
Q

negative feedback loop

A

when levels in the body such as blood sugar and temperature increase, sensors in the body trigger responses to bring levels back to normal

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3
Q

positive feedback loops

A

cause levels to move further away from normal i.e. estrogen during period

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4
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 at surface of thyroid secrete parathyroid hormone which regulates levels of calcium in blood

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5
Q

pancreas

A

produces hormones, insulin and glucogen

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6
Q

ovaries

A

secrete estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

hypothalamus

A

master gland

at the base of brain- link between nervous and endocrine systems

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8
Q

thyroid

A

secretes thyroxin which stimulates metabolism in all cells

-reduced basal metabolism means an increase in weight

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9
Q

adrenal gland

A
  • on top of kidney
  • hormones in response to stress, fear & excitement
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10
Q

medualla

A

Core of adrenal gland

releases catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline (fight or flight)

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11
Q

what are the flight or flight hormones

A

adrenaline, noradrenaline and catecholamines

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12
Q

cortex

A

outer layers of adrenal gland

-corticosteroid hormones (cortisol) made here

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13
Q

testes

A

secrete testosterone

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14
Q

pituitary gland

A

growth hormone and blood and water content

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15
Q

anterior of pituitary gland

A

secretes growth hormone under control of hypothalamus

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16
Q

what kind of hormone is growth hormone

A

anabolic

  • important for tissue growth
  • kids have higher levels
  • intense resistance training can stimular small increases
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17
Q

posterior pitutiary gland

A

secretes blood water content and lactation

secretes traphic hormones that act as messengers and controllers of other endocrine glands

18
Q

parathyroid gland

A

rear surface of thyroid gland

regulates levels of calcium in blood, muscle contraction and nerve impulse transition

19
Q

adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

increase heart rate, breathing, muscle tone and alertness

blood flow directed to working muscles, digestive system shuts down

fat mobilized from adipose tissue

glycogen broken down to provide glucose for fuel

released just before and during intense exercise

20
Q

corticosteroid hormones

A

levels rise under chronic stress, reduce immune function and metabolism

21
Q

hormones are made from

A

lipid (fat) or amino acids (protein)

22
Q

peptides

A

made of proteins, fast acting and short lived

(insulin)

23
Q

steroids

A

slow acting, long lasting hormones controlled by feedback

24
Q

cortisol

A

regulares BP, blood sugar and insulin levels

aids in fat, carb and protein metabolism

fight response

supresses acute inflamation

too much can supress thyroid, blood sugar balance, bone density, muscle tissue and increase fat in your tum

25
Q

growth hormone

A

produced in hypothalamus/pituitary

  • stimulate protein synthesis and bone strength, muscle tone and development
  • strength of tendons, ligaments and cartilage

decreases use of glucose

increases fat as fuel

cortisol can inhibit

intense exercise can release

26
Q

testosterone

A

exercise can increase production

regulated via negative feedback

27
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

sympathetic hormone produced in response to stress and exercise

also raises glucose and lipids in blood

28
Q

estrogen

A

increases fat breakdown from body fat stores to be used as fuel

elevates mood, increases libido

overtraining can reduce estrogen and lead to osteoperosis

29
Q

thyroid hormones

A

exercise can reduce symptoms of thyroid disorders

strenuous exercise can cause thyroid issues

30
Q

insulin and glucagon

A

secreted by pancreas to maintain blood glucose levels

  • after eating insulin is secreted to help move glucose into blood cells
  • when blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted to increase blood glucose levels to stimulare breakdown of glycogen
31
Q

insulin levels during exercise

A

drop

32
Q

muscle contraction and glucose

A

contractions allow cells to take up glucose and use it for energy

33
Q

people with diabetes risks should

A

have some form of fast acting card with exercise

34
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

controls levels of blood calcium to maintain muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

35
Q

pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon- controls blood sugar levels

36
Q

ovaries

A

estrogen and progesterone

promote feminization

37
Q

hypothalamus and pituitary

A

growth hormone

increase fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels

-promotes growth in children and muscle mass

38
Q

thyroid

A

thyroxine

increases fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels, growth and muscle mass

39
Q

adrenals

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

facilitate sympathetic nervois system

fight or flight response

regulate stress response and immune response

control of card, fat and protein metabolism

40
Q

testes

A

testosterone

masculinization

Level 3 PT Course YMCA Online (11 decks)

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