Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system’s job
react to environment and create homeostasis
negative feedback loop
when levels in the body such as blood sugar and temperature increase, sensors in the body trigger responses to bring levels back to normal
positive feedback loops
cause levels to move further away from normal i.e. estrogen during period
parathyroid glands
4 at surface of thyroid secrete parathyroid hormone which regulates levels of calcium in blood
pancreas
produces hormones, insulin and glucogen
ovaries
secrete estrogen and progesterone
hypothalamus
master gland
at the base of brain- link between nervous and endocrine systems
thyroid
secretes thyroxin which stimulates metabolism in all cells
-reduced basal metabolism means an increase in weight
adrenal gland
- on top of kidney
- hormones in response to stress, fear & excitement
medualla
Core of adrenal gland
releases catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline (fight or flight)
what are the flight or flight hormones
adrenaline, noradrenaline and catecholamines
cortex
outer layers of adrenal gland
-corticosteroid hormones (cortisol) made here
testes
secrete testosterone
pituitary gland
growth hormone and blood and water content
anterior of pituitary gland
secretes growth hormone under control of hypothalamus
what kind of hormone is growth hormone
anabolic
- important for tissue growth
- kids have higher levels
- intense resistance training can stimular small increases
posterior pitutiary gland
secretes blood water content and lactation
secretes traphic hormones that act as messengers and controllers of other endocrine glands
parathyroid gland
rear surface of thyroid gland
regulates levels of calcium in blood, muscle contraction and nerve impulse transition
adrenaline and noradrenaline
increase heart rate, breathing, muscle tone and alertness
blood flow directed to working muscles, digestive system shuts down
fat mobilized from adipose tissue
glycogen broken down to provide glucose for fuel
released just before and during intense exercise
corticosteroid hormones
levels rise under chronic stress, reduce immune function and metabolism
hormones are made from
lipid (fat) or amino acids (protein)
peptides
made of proteins, fast acting and short lived
(insulin)
steroids
slow acting, long lasting hormones controlled by feedback
cortisol
regulares BP, blood sugar and insulin levels
aids in fat, carb and protein metabolism
fight response
supresses acute inflamation
too much can supress thyroid, blood sugar balance, bone density, muscle tissue and increase fat in your tum
growth hormone
produced in hypothalamus/pituitary
- stimulate protein synthesis and bone strength, muscle tone and development
- strength of tendons, ligaments and cartilage
decreases use of glucose
increases fat as fuel
cortisol can inhibit
intense exercise can release
testosterone
exercise can increase production
regulated via negative feedback
adrenaline (epinephrine)
sympathetic hormone produced in response to stress and exercise
also raises glucose and lipids in blood
estrogen
increases fat breakdown from body fat stores to be used as fuel
elevates mood, increases libido
overtraining can reduce estrogen and lead to osteoperosis
thyroid hormones
exercise can reduce symptoms of thyroid disorders
strenuous exercise can cause thyroid issues
insulin and glucagon
secreted by pancreas to maintain blood glucose levels
- after eating insulin is secreted to help move glucose into blood cells
- when blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted to increase blood glucose levels to stimulare breakdown of glycogen
insulin levels during exercise
drop
muscle contraction and glucose
contractions allow cells to take up glucose and use it for energy
people with diabetes risks should
have some form of fast acting card with exercise
parathyroid hormone
controls levels of blood calcium to maintain muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission
pancreas
insulin and glucagon- controls blood sugar levels
ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
promote feminization
hypothalamus and pituitary
growth hormone
increase fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels
-promotes growth in children and muscle mass
thyroid
thyroxine
increases fat metabolism, glycogen synthesis, blood glucose levels, growth and muscle mass
adrenals
adrenaline and noradrenaline
facilitate sympathetic nervois system
fight or flight response
regulate stress response and immune response
control of card, fat and protein metabolism
testes
testosterone
masculinization
