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Level 3 PT Course YMCA Online > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement

A

Sagittal, frontal, transverse

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2
Q

distal

A

furthest away from center of body

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3
Q

lateral

A

outwards

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4
Q

medial

A

towards midline

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5
Q

proximal

A

closest to center of body

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6
Q

unilateral

A

produced by only one limb

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7
Q

bilateral

A

both sides of body

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8
Q

cotralateral

A

opposite side

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9
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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10
Q

which plane of movement gets the least attention

A

transverse

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11
Q

Bone/Muscle/Weight

A

lever/effort/load

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12
Q

First class lever

A

weight and force are op opposite side of lever

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13
Q

example of 1st class lever

A

elbow joint where lower arm is extended- tricep is force, elbow is fulcrum, hand is load

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14
Q

second class lever

A

force is applied at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other end located in the middle is the load

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15
Q

example of 2nd class lever

A

ankle joint where ball of foot is fulcrum gastrocnemius is effort, resistance is foot pushing to floor

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16
Q

third class lever

A

effort is applied between load and fulcrum most skeletal muscles

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17
Q

example of third class lever

A

biceps lifting the forearm, anything carried is the load

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18
Q

which lever is at a mechanical disadvantage

A

1st

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19
Q

which lever sacrifices speed and ROM

A

2nd class

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20
Q

Bones and joints of shoulder girdle

A

acromioclavicular joint, clavicle, sternoclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, scapula

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21
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

scapula and clavicle meet gliding synovial joint at the top of shoulder

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22
Q

sternovlavicular joint

A

where clavicle articulates with sternum gliding synovial joint w. a cartilaginous disc tha absorbs stress

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23
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

proximal end of humerus rounded to form ball of shoulder joint which articulates with the glenoid cavity

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24
Q

glenoid cavity

A

shallow socket at top lateral edge of scapula

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25
Q

scapula

A

triangular shaped flat bone depression in upper lateral corner forms socket for shoulder joint projection of bone above socket is called acromin

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26
Q

movements in shoulder

A

ab/adduction, flexion and extension

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27
Q

vertebral column made of

A

irregular bones with transverse process from each side and posterior process at the rear

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28
Q

Spine

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

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29
Q

Atlas and Axis movement

A

flex, extend, laterally flex, rotation

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30
Q

cervical vertebrae movement

A

lateral flexion, flexion, extension and rotation

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31
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

larger than cervical to support more weight attachment points for each rib

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32
Q

thoracic vertebrae ROM

A

moderate flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

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33
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

largest and strongest to support most weight

34
Q

lumbar vertebrae mobility

A

least mobility, limited

35
Q

sacrum

A

fused together to form a solid triangular bone at sacroiliac joint

36
Q

coccyx

37
Q

joints of elbow and forearm

A

humerouilna joint, proximal radioulnar joint, humeroradia joint, distal radioulnar joint

38
Q

olecranon process

A

prominent bone of elbow- bony projection of ulna

39
Q

humeroulina joint

A

pure hinge joint of elbow where humerus articulates with ulna flexion and extension

40
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

radius & ulna touch to form a point, forearm pronates and supinates, radius pivots around ulna

41
Q

humeroradial joint

A

forming lateral part of elbow, humerus articulates with radius pronate and supinate the forearm

42
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

radius and ulna meet again at wrist to form a pivot joint used during pronation and supination

43
Q

Bones and joints of wrist and hand

A

wrist joint, carpals, base of thumb, metacarpals, phalanges

44
Q

wrist joint

A

condyloid joint

radius and ulna meet carpals

flexion & extension, abdustion, adduction, circumduction

*can’t rotate

45
Q

carpals

A

8 short bones make up the first part of the hand

articulates with others with a synovial gliding joint for small movements

46
Q

base of thumb

A

saddle joint

allows opposition of thumb and fingers

47
Q

metacarpals

A

5 big bits of fingers

condyloid joint at the distal end allowing movement but not rotation

48
Q

phalanges

A

3 in each finger

prosimal, medial and distal

hinge joints in between

49
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

wrist is hyperextended and repeatedly bumped, can irritate nerves

50
Q

bones and joints of pelvic girdle

A

ilium, sacrum, sacroiliac joint, greater tonchonter, hip joint, lesser tronchonter, pubis symphasis, pubic bone, ischium

51
Q

movements of pelvic girdle

A

flecion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation

52
Q

Ilium

A

forms bowl shape of pelvis, protects organs inside

large surfac area for attachment of glutes

53
Q

sacrum

A

sits at bottom of vertebral colum

54
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

limited movement, most will happen with younger people.

synovial cavity that fuese later in life

55
Q

greater trochonter

A

bony prominence on outside of top of femur- attachment point for lots of muscles- mainly hip abductors

56
Q

hip joint

A

head of femur and cetabulum

57
Q

less trochonter

A

small bony pit inside femur

attachment for psoas major and iliacus

58
Q

publis symphasis

A

2 pubic bones curve arouns to form a slightly movable cartilaginous joint

59
Q

pubic bone

A

anterior portion of pelvic girdle, adductors originate here

60
Q

ischium

A

sits bones, attachments for hamstrings

61
Q

women are more prone to ___ because ___

A

hip, knee, ankle and foot issues because angle of femur to knee is less vertical

62
Q

bones and joints of knee and lower leg

A

patella, tibia, fibia prepatella bursa, media collateral, cruciate ligaments, meniscus

63
Q

movement at knee

A

flexion and extension, internal and external rotation, hinge joint with some rotation while flexed

64
Q

patella

A

sesamoi bone that protects knee and helps quads pull at an efficient angle

65
Q

tibia

A

thick, weight bearing bone of lower leg

66
Q

which lower leg bone bears weight

67
Q

fibia

A

thin, non weight breaing bone

68
Q

prepatellar bursa

A

fludi filled sac that acts as a cushion

several in the knee, can become inflamed or irritated

69
Q

medial collateral

A

inside & outside of knee joint

reinforce and stabilize against side bending but offer less support when bent

70
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

diagonally inside knee- help support knee by resisting front and back forces

71
Q

meniscus

A

2 crescent shaped pieces of cartilage, medial and lateral meniscae

72
Q

bones and joints of ankle and foot

A

calcaneus, talas, sub-talar joint, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

74
Q

calcanues

A

heel

insertion point for achilles tendon

75
Q

talas

A

articulates with the tibia and fibia to for ankle joint

hinge joint- dorsi and plantar flexion

76
Q

sub-talar joint

A

inferior surface of talus articulates with calcanaues and or ther tarsal bones

inversion and eversion movements originate here

77
Q

tarsals

A

instep of foot

similar to carpals

synovial gliding joints to allow give in the foot

78
Q

metatarsals

A

more stable than meta carpals but less movement

79
Q

phalanges

A

proximal, medial and distal

hinge joint between them

80
Q

longitudinal arch

A

front to bak of foot to provide balance and absord shock

81
Q

transverse arch

A

from one side of foor to other, toe to toe

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