Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Phisiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones regulate

A

Growth (TH and GH)
Stress management (NE and cortisol)
Blood sugar levels (insulin and glucagon)
Reproduction cycles (testosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin (CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine (E)
Norepinephrine (NE)

Adrenal cortex
Cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Because hormones are released into the bloodstream…

A

The effect of hormones are typically slow to appear

But effects last a longtime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amino acid derivatives

A

Tryptophan and tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tryptophan

A

An amino acid that is used to make a hormone called melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tyrosine

A

An amino acid that makes thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classes of hormones include

A

Amino acid derivatives
Lipid derivatives
Small peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Many hormones never actually enter the cell…

A

They bind to receptors which then trigger responses inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Steroid based hormones

A

Tend to diffuse across the plasma membrane before binding to receptors in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

A

The pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormones released by the….

A

Posterior pituitary

  • oxytocin
  • antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Anterior pituitary
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus secretes…

A

Supraoptic: secretes ADH

Paraventricular: secretes oxytocin

18
Q

When ADH is released by posterior pituitary

A
  • diuretics= increases urine production
  • ADH= decreases urine production and helps avoid dehydration
  • hypothalamic neurons in the SON are osmoreceptors= they monitor the solute (osmotic) concentration of blood
  • when the blood is too concentrated (high osmolarity) ADH is released
19
Q

Osmoreceptors…

Baroreceptors…

A

Detect increased osmotic pressure

Detect decreased blood pressure

20
Q

Because ADH is a vasoconstrictor…

A

ADH is also called vasopressin

21
Q

Examples of things that inhibit the release of ADH

A

Caffeine

Alcohol

22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Most common form occurs when a blow to the head reduces ADH by posterior pituitary

  • patient is constantly thirsty
  • patient exhibits polyuria (pees a lot)
23
Q

Functions of oxytocin

A

1) stimulates smooth muscle construction in the uterus during childbirth. A spike in oxytocin levels promotes delivery
2) oxytocin is part of the milk let-down reflex in nursing mothers

24
Q

Portal system

A

A capillary bed feeds into veins which feed into another capillary bed

25
Q

The thyroid gland contains 2 lobes connected by an

A

Isthmus

26
Q

What synthesizes T3 and T4 and what stores T3 and T4

A

1) cuboidal epithelium of the follicle

2) colloid of the follicle

27
Q

What affects nearly every cell of the body

A

T3 and T4

28
Q

Thyroid hormones increase the metabolic rate of nearly every cell in the body by…

A

1) binding to receptors in the mitochondria thus increasing rates of ATP production
2) binding to receptors in the nucleus thus increasing the production of enzymes of glycolysis, Krebs and ETC

29
Q

Thyroid hormones also

A

1) increase the force of heart contraction which results in increased blood pressure
2) in growing children, thyroid hormone is also essential in the development of skeletal, muscular and nervous systems

30
Q

Hypothyroidism symptoms (adults)

A

Aka myxedema

  • dry skin
  • feeling chilled
  • constipation
  • mental sluggishness
  • lethargy
  • weight gain
31
Q

Hypothyroidism can result from..

A

1) Low iodine levels
2) low thyroid gland function
3) low blood levels of TSH or TRH

Some cases it may result in a goiter

32
Q

Hypothyroidism (in infants)

A 
Aka cretinism
Symptoms:
Thick tongue and neck 
Short stature
Mental retardation

Causes:

1) genetic deficiency
2) lack of iodine during pregnancy

33
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Aka Graves’ disease

Symptoms:

1) weight loss
2) expothalmos (bulging eyes)
3) anxiety
4) heat intolerance

34
Q

Thyroid gland also contains C cells aka

A

Parafollicular cells

35
Q

What hormone do c cells produce

A

Calcitonin which is released in response to high blood calcium levels

36
Q

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels in three ways

A

1) promote the entry of calcium into bone
2) increasing the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys
3) decreasing the absorption rate of calcium by intestines

37
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Release PTH in response to low blood calcium levels

38
Q

PTH raises blood calcium levels by

A

1) stimulating calcium release from bone
2) increasing calcium reabsorption by kidneys (it stops calcium loss in urine)
3) increases calcium absorption by the intestines
4) stimulates the release of calcitriol by kidneys

39
Q

Calcitriol main function is

A

To enhance calcium absorption by intestines

40
Q

The thyroid gland and the 4 parathyroid glands are very…

A

Vascular

41
Q

The parathyroid glands respond to circulating blood and release PTH when….

A

Blood calcium levels are too low

Anatomy and Phisiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions