Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Name one difference between the endocrine and nervous system

A

The nervous system reacts immediately for short term change; the endocrine system takes longer to react and its effect is long term

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2
Q

What does the endocrine system regulate?

A

Growth, development, and reproduction

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3
Q

How does the endocrine system relay messages?

A

Chemical signals

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

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5
Q

Which hormones does the anterior lobe produce?

A

ACTH, GH, TSH, PRL, FSH, LH, and MSH

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6
Q

Which hormones does the posterior lobe produce?

A

OXT and ADH

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7
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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8
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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9
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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10
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

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11
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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12
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

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13
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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14
Q

Some organs with secondary endocrine functions

A

Heart, thymus, adipose tissue, digestive tract, kidneys, gonads

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15
Q

What is direct communication

A

An exchange of ions and molecules between adjacent cells across gap junctions

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16
Q

Which communication is highly specialized and relatively rare

A

Direct communication

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17
Q

Which communication occurs between two cells of the same type?

A

Direct communication

18
Q

Which communication uses chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell within single tissue

A

paracrine communication

19
Q

what is the most common form of intercellular communication

A

paracrine communication

20
Q

What is endocrine communication

A

Endocrine cells release chemicals (hormones) into bloodstream

21
Q

What are target cells

A

Specific cells that possess receptors needed to bind and read hormonal messages

22
Q

What do hormones do

A

They stimulate synthesis of enzymes or structural proteins, increases rate of synthesis, and turns existing enzyme or membrane channels on or off

23
Q

For what is synaptic communication ideal?

A

Crisis management

24
Q

Where does synaptic comm. occur?

A

across synaptic clefts

25
Q

What is the chemical message in a synaptic comm.?

A

Neurotransmitter

26
Q

T/F Synaptic comm. is limited to a very specific area

A

True

27
Q

What are the three groups of hormones

A

Amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, and lipid derivatives

28
Q

For how long do free hormones remain functional?

A

less than 1 hour

29
Q

How are free hormones broken down?

A

absorbed by cells of liver or kidney, or broken down by enzymes in plasma or interstitial fluids

30
Q

What is a hormone receptor

A

A protein molecule to which a particular molecule binds strongly

31
Q

What determines hormonal sensitivity?

A

Presence or absence of specific receptor

32
Q

The pituitary gland is also called?

A

hypophysis

33
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus? Where is it in relation?

A

infundibulum, hangs inferior to hypothalamus

34
Q

What is the anterior lobe of pit gland also called?

A

adenophypophysis

35
Q

What are the three regions of the pit gland?

A

Pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia

36
Q

What are the difference between releasing hormones (RH) and inhibiting hormones (IH)

A

One stimulates synthesis/secretion of a hormone, one prevents synthesis/secretion

37
Q

By what is rate of secretion controlled?

A

Negative feedback

38
Q

What is the posterior lobe of pit gland also called?

A

neurohypophysis

39
Q

What does the posterior lobe contain?

A

unmyelinated axons of hypothalamic

40
Q

What is OXT?

A

oxytocin

41
Q

What is ADH?

A

antidiuretic hormones