endocrine system Flashcards
acromegaly
excess GH
hyperprolactinemia (chromophobe adenoma)
amenorrhea, galactorrhea, excess prolactin
Cushings Syndrome
excess ACTH due to adrenocortical neoplasia or visceral neoplasia
panhypopituitarism(dwarfism)
lack of GH, lethargy, infertility
Diabestes insipidus
destruction of posterior pituitary, insufficient ADH
polydipsia, polyuria, dilutedurine
Cushing Syndrome findings
moon face, central obesity, muscle weakness, DM, acne
Conns Syndrome
Adrenal adenoma
weakness, fatigue, polydipsia/polyuria
(low renin=low K and high Na)
Addisons Disease
Adrenal insufficiency
idiopathic, TB, amyloidosis,
hypotension, skin pigmentation, leads to shock
pheochromocytoma
tumor of neural crest (adrenal medulla)
tachycardia, sweating, nervousness
neuroblastoma
MC solid tumor of childhood-release large amounts of catecholamine
rapid growth metastasizes to bone
graves disease
Increase T3T4
exophthalmos
MC in women (A.I.)
cretinism
hypothyroidism for children-congenital
hashimotos thyroiditis
A.I.
Antithyroglobulin and anti microsomal
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
MC 70% of thyroid F>M psammona bodies good prog
follicular carcinoma of thyroid
encapsulated with penetration thru capsule
Spread via blood
poor prognosis
medullary carcinoma
M>F
malignant cells secrete hormones
Parathyroid adenoma(primary hyperparathyroidism)
MC parathyroid disorder
Elevated PTH->hypercalcemia
->osteomalacia
secondary hyperparathyroidism
leads to hypocalcemia, renal failure
hypoparathyroidism
iatrogenic/idiopathic
Type 1 DM
m=w
<25yo
normal receptor, no insulin
Ketoacidosis!
type II DM
w>m
adult
obese
absent or dysfunctional receptors
