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endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

are the adrenal glands retroperitoneal

A

yes

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2
Q

where are the adrenal glands

A

on top of each kidney

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3
Q

the adrenal glands are divided into what

A

adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla

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4
Q

the adrenal outer cortex is split into

A

outer zone
middle zone
inner zone

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5
Q

the outer zone of the adrenal cortex does what

A

produces aldosterone
regulates BP

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6
Q

the middle zone of the adrenal cortex does what

A

cortisone, corticosterone
controls inflammation
dampens immune response

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7
Q

the inner zone of the adrenal cortex does what

A

androgens
supports sexual function and development
promotes bone density and muscle strength

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8
Q

what are the things that the adrenal cortex produces related to **

A

steroid hormones

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9
Q

what is ACTH doing for us?

A

stimulates the adrenal cortex
releases steroid related hormones

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10
Q

where does ACTH come from?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

what stimulates the adrenal medulla

A

sympathetic division of the ANS

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12
Q

what type of cell are in the adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin

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13
Q

what does epi do

A

inc hr and strength of contraction

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14
Q

chromaffin cells secrete what + percentages

A
  1. epi or adrenaline -80%
  2. norepi or noradrenaline -20%
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15
Q

epi/adren and norepi/noradren do what

A

augment the flight or flight response

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16
Q

the pancreas has (endocrine/exocrine) functions

A

BOTH!

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17
Q

the head of the pancreas sits where

A

in the C of the duodenum

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18
Q

what cells in the pancreas have endocrine function

A

islets of langerhans

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19
Q

what are the two types of islets of langerhans

A

alpha and beta

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20
Q

alpha cells (islet) do what **

A

secretes glucagon
raises blood glucose

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21
Q

beta cells (islets) do what **

A

secretes insulin
lowers blood glucose levels

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22
Q

what is the significance of hypoglycemia

A

Brain function is especially effected, since the brain cannot store its own sugar

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23
Q

what are consequences of hyperglycemia

A

vision issues, lethargy
ketoacidosis (very bad!)

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24
Q

overies release what (4)

A

estrogen
progesterone
inhibin
relaxin

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25
estrogen does what
promotes secondary sex characteristics stimulates uterine growth in prep for pregnancy
26
progesterone does what
fetal development is nobb, a decrease triggers menstruation
27
inhibin does what
inhibits secretion of FSH
28
relaxin does what
inc flex of pubic symph helps dilate the cervix
29
where does FSH come from
anterior lobe of the pituitary
30
what is the functional classification of the pubic symphysis joint
amphiarthrosis
31
testes release what (2)
testosterone inhibin
32
testosterone does what
development of reproductive tissues development of secondary sex characteristics (bone and muscle mass) helps fertility
33
nervous system releases __ endocrine releases __
neurotransmitters hormones
34
what do exocrine glands do
secrete products into ducts
35
parotid gland secretes __ through ___
saliva stensen's
36
acini in the __ secrete __ through __ to the __
pancreas pancreatic enzymes pancreatic duct duodenum
37
what type of gland is acini
exocrine
38
what type of gland is parotid
exocirne
39
endocrine glands secrete __ directly into __
hormones interstitial fluid
40
5 exclusive endocrine glands
pituitary thyroid parathyroid adrenal pineal
41
hormones are what type of molecules
mediator molecules
42
what are mediator molecules
travel through bloodstream only affect target cells
43
what are the 2 main hormones classficiation
soluble in lipids soluble in water
44
what are the 3 lipid soluble hromones
steroid hormones thyroid hormones nitric oxide
45
steroid hormones are derived from what
cholesterol
46
what are the 3 water soluble hormones
amine hormones peptide and protein hormones eicosanoid proteins
47
lipid soluble bind to
receptors IN the cell
48
water soluble bind to
receptors ON THE SURFACE of the cell
49
most hormone regulation is controlled by
negative feedback loops
50
hypothalamus and pituitary gland are connected by the
infundibulum
51
hypothalamus controls the
ANS
52
hypothalamus secretes
releasing and inhibiting hormones
53
pituitary secretes
hormones that control other endocrine glands
54
what are the 2 pituitary lobes
adenohypophysis (ant) neurohypophysis (post)
55
which pituitary lobe is larger
adenohypophysis (anterior)
56
adenohypophysis releases what 7 hormones
human growth hormone thyroid stimulating hormone follicle stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone prolactic adrenocorticotropic h melanocyte-stim h
57
neurohypophysis releases what 2 hromones
antidiuretic hormone oxytocin
58
hgh target and action
liver and other stim Iinsulinlike growth factors
59
tsh target and action
thyroid Stimson synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
60
FSH target and action
ovary/testes development of oocytes/sperm
61
LH target and action
overy/testes f - estro, progesto, ovulation, form corpus luteum m - testosterone
62
prl target and action
mammary glands promote milk production
63
ACTH target and action
adrenal cortex stim secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol esp)
64
MSH target and action
brain maybe influence brain fn, excess darkens skin
65
OT target and action
oxytocin uterus/mammary glands childbirth and milk ejection
66
ADH or vasopressin target and action
kidneys, arterioles conserves water, dec perspiration, inc bp
67
the thyroid is where
inferior to larynx anterior to trachea
68
TSH Stimson the production of what in the thyroid
thyroxine T4 triiodothyronine T3
69
hypothyroidism symptoms
fatigue, muscle weakness, growth delay, memory probelms myxedema in adults
70
what is myxedema
coma from sever hypothyroidism
71
para follicular cells secrete what
calcitonin
72
what does calcitonin do
dec blood levels of calcium
73
parathyroid glands contain what type of cells
chief cells or principal cells
74
what do chief cells in the parathyroid do
release PTH in response to low blood calcium levels

anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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