Endocrine System Flashcards
Main function
To produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body
Chemical messengers that have specialized functions that regulate body processes
Hormones
Glands that release into a duct or other organ
Exocrine glands
Example of exocrine gland
Sweat glands
Ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands
Example of endocrine gland
Pituitary gland
“Master gland”
Pituitary
What controls the pituitary gland
The hypothalamus
2 lobes of the pituitary gland
Posterior and anterior
Gland located in the central portion of the brain
Pineal gland
Pineal gland secretes what?
Secreted melatonin which regulated the circadian cycle
Gland that is butterfly or bat-shaped and regulates metabolism
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Located on the dorsal surface of the thyroid and regulates Ca in blood
Gland responsible for immunity
Thymus gland
Where is the thymus gland located
In the mediastinum
Only organ in the body that has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
Produced by the pancreas and controls the body’s ability to use blood glucose
Insulin
Diabetes mellitus
Caused by an underproduction of insulin which leads to hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
Where are the adrenal glands located
Above each kidney
Outer portion of adrenal gland
Cortex
What does the cortex produce
Corticosteroids
The inner portion of the adrenal gland
Medulla
What does the medulla produce
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Female gonads
Ovaries
What do the female gonads produce
Ova and estrogen and progesterone
Male gonads
Testes
What do the male gonads produce
Sperm, testosterone
Diabetes that occur during pregnancy in some women
Gestational
Diabetes as a result to damage to the pancreas
Type 3c diabetes
Name of the machine used to determine blood sugar when performing a capillary stick
Glucometer
Which diagnostic test measures the body’s ability to process a large dose of glucose
Oral glucose tolerance test
Which diagnostic test measures glucose levels over 4-6 wk period
Frutosamine test
Complications associated with diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy,
Heart disease,
Kidney disease,
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypoglycemia causes what
Insulin shock
How to treat insulin shock
Give oral glucose
Hyperglycemia causes what
Diabetic coma (ketoacidosis)
How to treat diabetic coma
Prompt admin of insulin
Grave’s disease
Hyperthyroidism w/ bulging eyes
-females
-autoimmune
-before 30 yrs
Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex
Possibly from tumor of adrenal gland
Cushing’s syndrome
Overproduction of growth hormone (pituitary) in adulthood
Childhood= gigantism
Acromegaly
Congenital hypothyroidism
Growth retardation, developmental delay
Lack of done in diet during pregnancy
Cretinism
Hyperthyroidism in adult yrs
Edema around eyes, facial puffiness, prominent tongue, coarse hair, yellow skin
Myxedema
Polydipsia
Excess thirst
Acromegaly
Abnormally enlarged extremities
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
Pancreatic
Pertaining to the pancreas
Hypothyroidism
Under active thyroid
Abnormally enlarged thyroid
Thyromegaly
One who studies the endocrine systems
Endocrinologist
Sugar in the urine
Glycosoria
Pertaining to the body
Somatal
Adrenal gland tumor
Adrenaloma
