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Essentials To Healthcare > 1st Semester Exam > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two dorsal cavities

A

Spinal and cranial

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2
Q

What does the RUQ contain

A

Gallbladder, right lobe of liver, portions of pancreas

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3
Q

What does the RLQ contain

A

Appendix, right ovary, fallopian tube, right utterer

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4
Q

What does the LUQ contain

A

Spleen, stomach, left lobe of liver, portions of pancreas

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5
Q

What does the LLQ contain?

A

Left ovary, fallopian tube, left uterus

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates the thoracic cavity from the Abdominopelvic cavities

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7
Q

Which cavity houses the lungs

A

Plural

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8
Q

Which thoracic cavity houses the heart?

A

Midastium

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9
Q

Dorsal or ventral planes

A

Divides the body into front and back portions

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10
Q

4 types of tissues in the body

A

Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

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11
Q

Key ideas of muscle tissue with example

A

Movement, voluntary and involuntary
Ex: cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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12
Q

Key ideas associated with epithelial tissue?

A

Found throughout, lining internal organs, and covering on skin tissue
Example mucous membrane

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13
Q

Key idea ideas associated with connective tissue

A

Ex bone, cartilage, adipose tissue

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14
Q

Keyword associated with the nervous tissue

A

Electrical impulses

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15
Q

What cavities are ventral?

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic

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16
Q

What is the Abdominopelvic cavities divided into

A

Abdominal- digestion organs
Pelvic- reproductive organs

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17
Q

What are three types of feedback in the body?

A

Negative, positive, feed forward

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18
Q

Describe the negative feedback type

A

Stabilize example body temp

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19
Q

Describe the positive feedback type

A

Stimulatory example child birth

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20
Q

Describe the feedforward feedback type

A

Anticipatory example digestion

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21
Q

McBerney’s point

A

The point that indicates where the appendix is located

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22
Q

Define mitosis

A

The division of a cell into identical daughter cell

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23
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell, ATP

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24
Q

Describe the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough and smooth

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25
Q

Describe the ribosomes

A

Makes protein

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26
Q

Describe the Golgi apparatus

A

Processes and packages proteins

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27
Q

Describe the nucleus

A

Control center, DNA, nucleus – ribosomes

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28
Q

Describe lysosomes

A

Garbage disposal

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29
Q

Describe perexisomes

A

Detox

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30
Q

What is the plasma membrane made of?

A

Double layer of possible, lipid molecules – hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tales

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31
Q

What is the main function of the skin?

A

Protection

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32
Q

What are the other functions of the skin?

A

Temperature regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, storage of lipids, sensory reception, excretion of sweat/oil

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33
Q

What are the five stages of growth of the skin?

A
  1. Stratum germinativum
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulsoum
  4. Stratum luciclum
  5. Stratum corneum
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34
Q

What are the levels of touch/pressure

A

Pacinion corpuscle- deep pressure
Meissner’s corpuscle- light touch
Ruffini corpuscle- heat/pressure

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35
Q

Describe the key points of the dermis

A

Middle layer, vascular, two layers – papillary and reticular
Contains Hair vocals, sweat, sebaceous, glands, blood, lymph vessels, nerves/sensory receptors, muscles

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36
Q

Describe the key points of the epidermis

A

Outermost layer, a vascular stratified, squamous, epithelium, arranged in layers/strata

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37
Q

Describe the subcutaneous layer of skin

A

Innermost layer, adipose, tissue, lipocyte, protection, insulation

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38
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis aka true skin or corium
Subcutaneous

39
Q

What is the normal body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

A

98.6°F

40
Q

Differentiate between a sweat gland and a sebaceous

A

Sweat- directly onto the surface of the skin through pores
Sebaceous – secretes sebum into hair and skin

41
Q

What type of cells make up the epidermis?

A

A vascular stratified, squamous epithelium (flat scale like), keratin, melanocytes

42
Q

What is keratin? Where do we find it?

A

Protein found in the skin, hair, nails; stratum germinativum

43
Q

What are the different parts of the nail?

A

Keratin, nail root, nail bed/body, lunula, cuticle( layer of corneum that overlaps part of the nail)

44
Q

Why are legions significant and how do we describe them?

A

Skin disorders, but not always a sign of disease, most skin conditions/diseases are diagnosed by lesions; describe by appearance, location, color, size in centimeters

45
Q

Define melanocyte in what layer are they located?

A

Cell that produces melanin and give skin, hair, eyes their color; epidermis, stratum germinativum

46
Q

Verracue (warts) are caused by what virus?

A

Benign tumor caused by HPV virus

47
Q

Name the two divisions of the human skeleton and the number of bones in each

A

Axial (80)
Appendicular (126)

48
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell

49
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature/bone forming cells

50
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cells

51
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical

A

Seven

52
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?

A

12

53
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?

A

Five

54
Q

Define diaphysis of the long bone

A

Name part of the shot of the bone

55
Q

What is in the medullary cavity (in diaphysis)

A

Red bone marrow, yellow bone marrow

56
Q

Describe the epiphysis

A

Knotty ends of bone, cancellous or spongy bone, epiphyseal plate or line

57
Q

Describe the periosteum

A

Hard outer covering of bone

58
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Red blood cells

59
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Lipocytes

60
Q

What attaches bones to bone

A

Ligament

61
Q

What attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendons

62
Q

Breast bone

A

Sternum

63
Q

Collar bone

A

Clavicle

64
Q

Tailbone

A

Coccyx

65
Q

Knee cap

A

Patella

66
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

Seven

67
Q

How many false ribs are there?

A

Three

68
Q

How many pairs of floating rib are there?

A

Two

69
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A

Hinge ex elbow, knee
Ball and socket ex hip, shoulder
Gliding ex carpals, tarsals
Saddle ex thumb
Pivot ex forearm, neck
Ellipsoidal ex wrist

70
Q

What is a hole in a bone called?

A

Foramen

71
Q

What type of fracture penetrate through the skin?

A

Compound or open

72
Q

Someone who grind their teeth may develop what disorder

A

TMJ

73
Q

What part of the muscle does not move?

A

Origin

74
Q

What part of the muscle does move?

A

Insertion

75
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover

76
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes (doesn’t move)

77
Q

Synergist

A

Helper

78
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizer

79
Q

The ability to be stimulated

A

Excitability

80
Q

The ability to contract

A

Contractibility

81
Q

The ability to stretch

A

Extensibility

82
Q

Types of muscle contractions

A

Isometric- no change
Isotonic- change
Concentric- shortens
Eccentric- lengths

83
Q

How do you perform a manual muscle test? How do you document the results?

A

Position PT to isolate muscles
Grade 0 to 5 (0 no movement to 5 normal)

84
Q

Active (AROM)

A

Patient doing movement themselves

85
Q

Passive (PROM)

A

Doing Movement for patient

86
Q

AAROM (active assisted)

A

Device to help increase ROM

87
Q

WNL

A

Within normal limits

88
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

RA. LA
RV. LV
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

89
Q

What are the AV valves and where are they located?

A

Tricuspid- b/w RA and RV
Bicuspid- b/w LA and LV

90
Q

What are the SV valves in? Where are they located?

A

Semilunar
Pulmonary lunar- b/w RV & pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar - b/w LV and Aorta

91
Q

What are the SV valves in? Where are they located?

A

Semilunar
Pulmonary lunar- b/w RV & pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar - b/w LV and Aorta

92
Q

What are the steps of circulation?

A

Deoxygenated blood in the body -> veins -> vena cava -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs to get O2 -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> bicuspid valve-> LV -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta-> arteries -> body

93
Q

How does an impulse travel through the heart?

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node in RA
  2. Wave of impulses travel through muscles of atria causing them to contract
  3. Atrioventricular (AV) node is stimulated (floor of RA) -> bundle of HIS (septum)
  4. Ventricles contract
94
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

Essentials To Healthcare (6 decks)

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