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Essentials To Healthcare > 1st Semester Exam > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Name the two dorsal cavities

A

Spinal and cranial

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2
Q

What does the RUQ contain

A

Gallbladder, right lobe of liver, portions of pancreas

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3
Q

What does the RLQ contain

A

Appendix, right ovary, fallopian tube, right utterer

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4
Q

What does the LUQ contain

A

Spleen, stomach, left lobe of liver, portions of pancreas

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5
Q

What does the LLQ contain?

A

Left ovary, fallopian tube, left uterus

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates the thoracic cavity from the Abdominopelvic cavities

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7
Q

Which cavity houses the lungs

A

Plural

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8
Q

Which thoracic cavity houses the heart?

A

Midastium

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9
Q

Dorsal or ventral planes

A

Divides the body into front and back portions

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10
Q

4 types of tissues in the body

A

Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

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11
Q

Key ideas of muscle tissue with example

A

Movement, voluntary and involuntary
Ex: cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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12
Q

Key ideas associated with epithelial tissue?

A

Found throughout, lining internal organs, and covering on skin tissue
Example mucous membrane

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13
Q

Key idea ideas associated with connective tissue

A

Ex bone, cartilage, adipose tissue

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14
Q

Keyword associated with the nervous tissue

A

Electrical impulses

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15
Q

What cavities are ventral?

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic

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16
Q

What is the Abdominopelvic cavities divided into

A

Abdominal- digestion organs
Pelvic- reproductive organs

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17
Q

What are three types of feedback in the body?

A

Negative, positive, feed forward

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18
Q

Describe the negative feedback type

A

Stabilize example body temp

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19
Q

Describe the positive feedback type

A

Stimulatory example child birth

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20
Q

Describe the feedforward feedback type

A

Anticipatory example digestion

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21
Q

McBerney’s point

A

The point that indicates where the appendix is located

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22
Q

Define mitosis

A

The division of a cell into identical daughter cell

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23
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell, ATP

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24
Q

Describe the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough and smooth

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25
Describe the ribosomes
Makes protein
26
Describe the Golgi apparatus
Processes and packages proteins
27
Describe the nucleus
Control center, DNA, nucleus – ribosomes
28
Describe lysosomes
Garbage disposal
29
Describe perexisomes
Detox
30
What is the plasma membrane made of?
Double layer of possible, lipid molecules – hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tales
31
What is the main function of the skin?
Protection
32
What are the other functions of the skin?
Temperature regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, storage of lipids, sensory reception, excretion of sweat/oil
33
What are the five stages of growth of the skin?
1. Stratum germinativum 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulsoum 4. Stratum luciclum 5. Stratum corneum
34
What are the levels of touch/pressure
Pacinion corpuscle- deep pressure Meissner’s corpuscle- light touch Ruffini corpuscle- heat/pressure
35
Describe the key points of the dermis
Middle layer, vascular, two layers – papillary and reticular Contains Hair vocals, sweat, sebaceous, glands, blood, lymph vessels, nerves/sensory receptors, muscles
36
Describe the key points of the epidermis
Outermost layer, a vascular stratified, squamous, epithelium, arranged in layers/strata
37
Describe the subcutaneous layer of skin
Innermost layer, adipose, tissue, lipocyte, protection, insulation
38
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis Dermis aka true skin or corium Subcutaneous
39
What is the normal body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?
98.6°F
40
Differentiate between a sweat gland and a sebaceous
Sweat- directly onto the surface of the skin through pores Sebaceous – secretes sebum into hair and skin
41
What type of cells make up the epidermis?
A vascular stratified, squamous epithelium (flat scale like), keratin, melanocytes
42
What is keratin? Where do we find it?
Protein found in the skin, hair, nails; stratum germinativum
43
What are the different parts of the nail?
Keratin, nail root, nail bed/body, lunula, cuticle( layer of corneum that overlaps part of the nail)
44
Why are legions significant and how do we describe them?
Skin disorders, but not always a sign of disease, most skin conditions/diseases are diagnosed by lesions; describe by appearance, location, color, size in centimeters
45
Define melanocyte in what layer are they located?
Cell that produces melanin and give skin, hair, eyes their color; epidermis, stratum germinativum
46
Verracue (warts) are caused by what virus?
Benign tumor caused by HPV virus
47
Name the two divisions of the human skeleton and the number of bones in each
Axial (80) Appendicular (126)
48
Osteocyte
Mature bone cell
49
Osteoblasts
Immature/bone forming cells
50
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
51
How many vertebrae are in the cervical
Seven
52
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?
12
53
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?
Five
54
Define diaphysis of the long bone
Name part of the shot of the bone
55
What is in the medullary cavity (in diaphysis)
Red bone marrow, yellow bone marrow
56
Describe the epiphysis
Knotty ends of bone, cancellous or spongy bone, epiphyseal plate or line
57
Describe the periosteum
Hard outer covering of bone
58
Red bone marrow
Red blood cells
59
Yellow bone marrow
Lipocytes
60
What attaches bones to bone
Ligament
61
What attaches muscle to bone
Tendons
62
Breast bone
Sternum
63
Collar bone
Clavicle
64
Tailbone
Coccyx
65
Knee cap
Patella
66
How many true ribs are there?
Seven
67
How many false ribs are there?
Three
68
How many pairs of floating rib are there?
Two
69
What are the different types of joints?
Hinge ex elbow, knee Ball and socket ex hip, shoulder Gliding ex carpals, tarsals Saddle ex thumb Pivot ex forearm, neck Ellipsoidal ex wrist
70
What is a hole in a bone called?
Foramen
71
What type of fracture penetrate through the skin?
Compound or open
72
Someone who grind their teeth may develop what disorder
TMJ
73
What part of the muscle does not move?
Origin
74
What part of the muscle does move?
Insertion
75
Agonist
Prime mover
76
Antagonist
Opposes (doesn’t move)
77
Synergist
Helper
78
Fixator
Stabilizer
79
The ability to be stimulated
Excitability
80
The ability to contract
Contractibility
81
The ability to stretch
Extensibility
82
Types of muscle contractions
Isometric- no change Isotonic- change Concentric- shortens Eccentric- lengths
83
How do you perform a manual muscle test? How do you document the results?
Position PT to isolate muscles Grade 0 to 5 (0 no movement to 5 normal)
84
Active (AROM)
Patient doing movement themselves
85
Passive (PROM)
Doing Movement for patient
86
AAROM (active assisted)
Device to help increase ROM
87
WNL
Within normal limits
88
What are the four chambers of the heart?
RA. LA RV. LV Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle
89
What are the AV valves and where are they located?
Tricuspid- b/w RA and RV Bicuspid- b/w LA and LV
90
What are the SV valves in? Where are they located?
Semilunar Pulmonary lunar- b/w RV & pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar - b/w LV and Aorta
91
What are the SV valves in? Where are they located?
Semilunar Pulmonary lunar- b/w RV & pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar - b/w LV and Aorta
92
What are the steps of circulation?
Deoxygenated blood in the body -> veins -> vena cava -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs to get O2 -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> bicuspid valve-> LV -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta-> arteries -> body
93
How does an impulse travel through the heart?
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node in RA 2. Wave of impulses travel through muscles of atria causing them to contract 3. Atrioventricular (AV) node is stimulated (floor of RA) -> bundle of HIS (septum) 4. Ventricles contract
94
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node

Essentials To Healthcare (10 decks)

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