Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the four forms of intercellular communication?
Direct
Paracrine Chemicals
Nervous System
Endocrine System
What is the difference between Endocrine, Paracrine, & Exocrine?
With Endocrine, secretions are released directly into the blood. Long Distance
With Paracrine, secretions are released into the ECF. (Extra-cellular Fluid) More Local.
With Exocrine, secretions occur through a duct, and end up on epithelial cells and perform various functions. (ex. lubricate) No Communication
____________ ____________ performs short term crisis management
Nervous System
_______________ ____________ regulates long term, ongoing metabolic needs
Endocrine System
What are the ten organs of the endocrine system?
- Brain
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid & Parathyroids
- Thymus
- Heart
- Pancreas
- Kidney
- Adrenal Glands
- Ovaries (Female)
Testes (Male)
What are the three classes of hormones?
Amino Acids
Peptides
Lipids
What is a ‘pure’ endocrine gland? Give an example.
Are lipid hormones polar or nonpolar?
nonpolar
What three kinds of hormones are lipid hormones?
Steroid Hormones
Thyroid Hormones
Fatty-acid derivative Hormones
What do lipid hormones travel with?
binding proteins
What kind of a half-life do lipid hormones have?
longer half-lives
Are protein (peptide) hormones water soluble or insoluble?
Water Soluble
Are protein (peptide) hormones usually small or large?
Usually large
What is the most common type of hormone?
Protein (peptide) hormones
What kind of half-lives do protein (peptide) hormones have?
Shorter Half-Lives
What are amino acid hormones derived from?
Tyrosine or Tryptophan
Eicosanoids, catecholamines, and protein/peptide hormones bind to __ __________ ___________.
G protein receptors
G proteins use _______ instead of ATP
GTP
G proteins can alter the amount of ________ in the cytoplasm
cAMP
cAMP is a ___________ _______________.
second messenger
cAMP alters metabolism via the protein kinase _________.
PKA
What are the two most important hormones that the pituitary gland releases?
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
What are the three ways the hypothalamus regulates the activity of the Endocrine system?
Secretes regulatory hormones
Secretes ADH & OT
Exerts direct neural control over the adrenal medulla
Although the pituitary gland is ‘master’ Endocrine gland, it is controlled by the _______________.
Hypothalamus
Does ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) elevate or decrease blood pressure?
Elevate
What kind of hormone is Oxytocin (OT).
Sex hormone
Orgasm, labor contractions, milk let-down reflex
What hormones are released by the Posterior Lobe
ADH & Oxycotin
What are the hormones of the Anterior Pituitary?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrencorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone or Somatotropin
B-endorphins
Lilotropins
What hormones is produced by the Pars Intermedia
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
All pituitary hormones belong to which class?
Peptide hormones
What are the adrenal glands divided into?
Divided internally into a superficial cortex and deep medulla.
Adrenal cortex release ______________.
Corticosteroids
Adrenal medulla release _________________.
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
