endocrine system

Question 1

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 1

-glands which produce hormones that are released in the blood stream to target organs

Question 2

True or False? Hormones go to specific organs that have receptors for the specific hormone

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False? Hormones travel through nerve cells

Answer 3

False. Hormones travel in the bloodstream

Question 4

What work faster? Hormones or Nerve Impulses?

Answer 4

-Nerve Impulses
-Hormones work more slowly than nerve impulses but often together with the nervous system

Question 5

What is known is the ‘Master Gland’?

Answer 5

The Pituitary Gland

Question 6

What is the role of the Pituitary Gland?

Answer 6

-controls the release of hormones from the other endocrine glands

Question 7

Name 7 endocrine glands

Answer 7

-pituitary
-hypothalamus
-thyroid
-adrenal
-pineal
-ovaries
-testes

Question 8

What is the effect of the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

-Stimulates and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 9

What hormones are released from the pituitary gland?

Answer 9

ACTH
Oxytocin

Question 10

What is the effect of ACTH?

Answer 10

Regulates cortisol and stimulates adrenal cortex

Question 11

What is the effect of Oxytocin?

Answer 11

Lowers stress, stimulates contractions in labor and the release of breast milk after birth

Question 12

What hormone is released by the Pituitary Gland?

Answer 12

Melatonin

Question 13

What is the effect of the hormone Melatonin?

Answer 13

Helps the timing of circadian rhythms (24-hour internal clock) and sleep

Question 14

What hormone is released by the Thyroid?

Answer 14

Thyroxine

Question 15

What is the effect of the hormone thyroxine?

Answer 15

Affects cells in the heart (increases heart rate) and affects cells throughout the body increasing metabolic rates which affects growth rates

Question 16

What hormones are released by the Adrenal gland?

Answer 16

-Adrenaline
-Cortisol

Question 17

What is the effect of the hormone adrenaline?

Answer 17

Triggers physiological changes in the body creating the physiological arousal necessary for fight or flight.

Question 18

What is the effect of the hormone cortisol?

Answer 18

Stress hormone. Increases sugar in the blood stream and suppresses the immune system.

Question 19

What hormone is released by the ovaries?

Answer 19

Oestrogen

Question 20

What is the effect of the hormone oestrogen?

Answer 20

Development of female secondary puberty sexual characteristics, puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, bone strength

Question 21

What hormone is released by the Testes?

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

Why is the effect of the hormone testosterone?

Answer 22

Development of male sex characteristics, regulates sex drive, production of RBC and sperm, muscle mass, release of androgens, link to aggression in high levels

Question 23

What is the process of the fight or flight response?

Answer 23

-Situation is appraised and perceived as stressful
-Hypothalamus is alerted- this recognizes stress is acute so activates the sympathomedullary pathway (SAM)
-This activates the sympathetic branch of the ANS which then stimulates the Adrenal Medulla (part of the adrenal gland) which secretes the hormones Adrenaline and Noradrenaline into the bloodstream
-This prepares the body for Fight or Flight and causes bodily changes such as pupil dilation, increase in respiration rate, increase in blood flow to the muscles, increase in hart rate, raised blood pressure and reduced activity in the digestive system to conserve energy

Question 24

Why and how does the body get out of fight or flight mode?

Answer 24

-The body cannot maintain this increased level of activity for long periods of time as it takes too much energy, so after a few minutes, or once the stressor has been dealt with, the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system is activated
-This is a countershock response and serves to return the body to its normal resting state. This process in known as homeostasis

Question 25

True or false? When we go into fight or flight our pupils get smaller, heart rate slows down, and digestion increases

Answer 25

FALSE! our pupils dilate, heart rate increases, digestion is reduced