Endocrine System Flashcards
What hormones are in the pituitary gland?
Anterior: ACTH, Prolactin, GH
Posterior: Oxytocin ADH
What are the 4 glands of the endocrine system?
Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas.
What hormones are in the thyroid gland?
T4, T3, calcitonin
What hormones are in the adrenal gland?
Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine), mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol)
What hormones does the pancreas secrete?
Glucagon and Insulin
What is GH (growth hormone)?
Stimulates growth of body cells- especially bone and muscle. Causes protein synthesis and prevents protein breakdown. Enhances movement of amino acids. If hypersecreted during childhood, gigantism. During adulthood, pituitary tumor. Hypo secreted- pituitary dwarfism
What is prolactin?
Causes milk production. Mammary glands is target. Provides sexual gratification. Secreted during and after labor- breast feeding. Hyper secretion Causes impotence in males, loss of menstrual cycle and infertility in females.
What is oxytocin?
Allows milk to come out. Mechanical stimulation from suckling sends signal to hypothalamus. Target cells- uterus and mammary glands. Causes contractions. POSITIVE FEEDBACK.
What are t3 and t4?
Pituitary gland sends TSH, which triggers them to be released. Travels in blood that are bound to plasma proteins. These hormones cause increased metabolic rate- regulates breakdown of macromolecules. Constantly secreted. If hypersecreted- weight loss, increased metabolic rate… Hypo is the opposite.
What’s the difference between t3 and t4?
T3 is 4x more potent than t4. It lasts about 2.5 days and t4 lasts 6.5 days
What is calcitonin?
Targets bones, intestines, and kidneys. Builds bones, reduces Ca in blood. Inhibits: Ca absorption in blood, tearing down of bones to put Ca in blood, reabsorption of Ca in kidneys.
What is Parathormone?
Targets bones, intestines, and kidneys. Increases concentration of Ca in the blood (takes from bones). Promotes absorption of Ca in intestines, promoted bone breakdown to put Ca in the blood, amount of blood affects # of hormones
What are the Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Released from medulla. This is adrenaline. Fight/flight. Target cells: heart- increased h.r., stroke volume, increase blood pressure. Affects respiratory center-increased breathing.
What is cortisol?
Released from adrenal cortex. Release is triggered by ACTH. For the liver: increased blood glucose. For all tissues aids in fats, proteins, carbs.
What is insulin?
Target cells- liver, muscles, and fat cells. Causes sugar to become storaged (lowers blood sugar). Made by islet cells. Glucose - the sugar in our bodies. Secreted based on concentration of body. Negative feedback loop.
