endocrine system

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

chemical messengers the endocrine system communicates through

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

controls the activities of the body, nervous system controls fast short-term, endocrine takes awhile

Question 3

endocrine glands

Answer 3

are highly vascularized (lots of capillaries), ductless glands, secrete hormones, receive nervous stimulation

Question 4

mechanisms of hormone action

Answer 4

Hormones act on target cells through specific receptors.
***Target cells must have specific receptors for hormones to affect them.

Question 5

thyroid hormones

Answer 5

bind to a membrane receptor and are transported into the cell by active transport (need ATP)
into the nucleus to alter gene transcription. Turn on/turn off, tells which proteins to/to not produce

Question 6

steroid hormones

Answer 6

estrogen and testosterone, are lipid-soluble and readily diffuse through cell membranes.

Question 7

second-messenger system

Answer 7

first messenger hormones are too large/polar to pass and bind to transmembrane proteins, activates a second-messenger system (cAMP) + stimulates specific kinase

Question 8

control secretion rates of hormones

Answer 8

Hormones
Affect enzyme activity and alter cell metabolism.
Change membrane permeability.
Regulate synthesis of cell proteins.
Stimulate release of hormones from other glands.

Question 9

release of hormones into the blood

Answer 9

control hormones between glands and target cells

Question 10

negative feedback example

Answer 10

hypothalamus secretes CRH that stimulates the pituitary to relate ACTH, stimulates cortisol, increase downstream blood stop CRH

Question 11

positive feedback

Answer 11

output escalates rather then remaining around set point, hormonal signal feeds back to control system, produce explosive event, natural shutoff to stop