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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

iodothyronines are derived from

A

tyrosine

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2
Q

melatonin and serotonin are derived from

A

tryptophan

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3
Q

examples for amines

A

iodothyronines, melatonin, and serotonin

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4
Q

catecholamines are derived from

A

tyrosines

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5
Q

catecholamines examples

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

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6
Q

steroid hormones

A

fat-soluble hormones, derived from cholesterol

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7
Q

steroid hormones examples

A

adrenocorticoids, gonadal hormones

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8
Q

most abundant type of hormones

A

peptide hormones

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9
Q

water-soluble hormones

A

peptide hormones

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10
Q

proteinous hormones

A

100-200 AA

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11
Q

Proteinaceous hormones examples

A

TSH, GH, GSH, hCG, hPL, Relaxin, gastrointestinal hormone

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12
Q

polypeptide hormones

A

30-100 AA

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13
Q

Short peptide

A

3-9 AA

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14
Q

Fatty acid-derived hormones examples

A

prostaglandin

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15
Q

glands derived from ectoderm?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, adrenal medulla

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16
Q

glands derived from mesoderm?

A

gonads

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17
Q

glands derived from endoderm?

A

thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal cortex

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18
Q

anterior pituitary secretes how many hormones?

A

6 trophic hormones

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19
Q

glands that are not under the direct control of the pituitary?

A

parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, pineal gland and adrenal medulla

20
Q

growth hormone functions

A

increases the glucose levels in the blood by lipolysis of adipocytes and decreasing the insulin level. Increases the amino acid level in the blood

21
Q

prolactin is also known as

A

mammotropic hormone, luteotrophin,

22
Q

the degeneration of the anterior lobe of the pituitary causes a disease called

A

Simmonds disease or acromicria

23
Q

functions of melatonin

A

the biological clock, maintains body temperature, metabolism, pigmentation, and defense mechanisms of the body. it inhibits ovarian functions and delays sexual maturity

24
Q

largest endocrine gland in the body

25
Q

two lobes of the thyroid contain

A

3 million follicles and stromal tissue

26
Q

functions of thyroxines

A

controls BMR, cell respiration, metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, stimulates erythropoiesis, influences the working of kidney tubules, promotes protein synthesis, maintains body temperature, and regulate menstrual cycle

27
Q

hypothyroidism in children

28
Q

hypothyroidism in adults

A

myxoedema or gull disease

29
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

degeneration of the thyroid gland

30
Q

thyrocalcitonin is a

A

hypocalcemic hormone

31
Q

para calcitonin is a

A

hypercalcemic hormone

32
Q

adrenal cortex is divided into

A

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

33
Q

mineralocorticoids are secreted by

A

zona glomerulosa

34
Q

hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids causes

A

addison’s disease

35
Q

hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids causes

A

aldosteronism or Conn’s disease

36
Q

most abundant type of corticosteroids

A

glucocorticoids

37
Q

most important glucocorticoids?

38
Q

stress hormone

39
Q

glucocorticoids are primarily involved in

A

carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and also promote glycogenolysis, proteolysis, lipolysis, and promote gluconeogenesis. it also promotes erythropoiesis and creates anti-allergic responses.

40
Q

hyposecretion of cortisol

A

Addison’s disease

41
Q

hypersecretion of cortisol

A

Cushing’s disease

42
Q

intracellular hormonal action is shown by

A

fat-soluble steroids or lipophilic hormones and iodothyronines

43
Q

extracellular hormonal action is shown by

A

water-soluble hydrophilic hormones such as catecholamines and peptide hormones, growth factors

44
Q

secondary messengers are

A

cyclin AMP, Calcium ions, Diacyl Glycerol(DG), inositol triphosphate

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