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A&P > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Protein
Promotes growth of body tissues
Anterior Pituitary

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2
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Peptide
Promotes milk production
Anterior Pituitary

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3
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates thyroid hormone release

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4
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Pituitary (anterior)
Peptide
Stimulates hormone release by adrenal cortex

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5
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates gamete production

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6
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates androgen production by gonads

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7
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Pituitary (posterior)
Peptide
Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys

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8
Q

Oxytocin (OXY)

A

Pituitary (posterior)
Peptide
Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

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9
Q

Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Thyroid
Amine
Stimulate basal metabolic rate

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid
Peptide
Reduces blood Ca2+ levels

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11
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Parathyroid
Peptide
Increases blood Ca2+ levels

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12
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal (cortex)
Steroid
Increases blood Na+ levels

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13
Q

Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

A

Adrenal (cortex)
Steroid
Increase blood glucose levels

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14
Q

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

A

Adrenal (medulla)
Amine
Stimulate fight-or-flight response

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15
Q

Melatonin

A

Pineal
Amine
Regulates sleep cycles

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16
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreas
Protein
Reduces blood glucose levels

17
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreas
Protein
Increases blood glucose levels

18
Q

Testosterone

A

Testes
Steroid
Stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production

19
Q

Estrogens and progesterone

A

Ovaries
Steroid
Stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth

20
Q

Hyposecretion of GH

A

Pituitary growth failure
Symptoms: Delayed growth, abnormal fat distribution, low blood glucose hours after meal

21
Q

Hypersecretion of GH

A

Gigantism, acromegally
Symptoms: Excessive growth

22
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus
Symptoms: Polyuria, dehydration, thirst

23
Q

Hypersecretion of ADH

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Symptoms: Increased body weight and water content

24
Q

Hyposecretion of Thyroxin (T3) and Triiodothyronine (T4)

A

Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Low metabolic rate, low body temp., impaired physical and mental development

25
Q

Hypersecretion of Thyroxin (T3) and Triiodothyronine (T4)

A

Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease
Symptoms: High metabolic rate and body temp.

26
Q

Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, neurological problems, dense bones, tetany

27
Q

Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Symptoms: Neurological, mental, and muscular problems due to high blood Ca concentration, weak and brittle bones

28
Q

Hyposecretion of Insulin

A

Diabetes melllitus Type I
Symptoms: High blood glucose, impaired glucose utilization, dependence on lipids for energy, glycosuria

29
Q

Hypersecretion of Insulin

A

Excess insulin production (also caused by administering too much insulin)
Symptoms: Low blood glucose levels, possibly causing coma

30
Q

Hyposecretion of Mineralcorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone

A

Hypoaldosteronism
Symptoms: Polyuria, low blood volume, high blood K+ and low blood Na+ conc.

31
Q

Hypersecretion of Mineralcorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone

A

Aldosteronism
Symptoms: Increased body weight due to Na+ and H2O retention, low K+

32
Q

Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol

A

Addison’s disease
Symptoms: Inability to tolerate stress, mobilize energy reserves or maintain normal blood glucose concentrations

33
Q

Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol

A

Cushing’s disease
Symptoms: Excessive breakdown of tissue proteins and lipid reserves, impaired glucose metabolism

34
Q

Hyposecretion of Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrin (NE)

A

Non-existent

35
Q

Hypersecretion of Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrin (NE)

A

Pheochromocytoma
Symptoms: High met. rate, body temp, and heart rate, increased glucose

36
Q

Hyposecretion of Estrogens

A

Hypogonadism
Symptoms: Sterility, lack of secondary sex char.

37
Q

Hypersecretion of Estrogens

A

Andrenogenital syndrome /precocious puberty
Symptoms: Overproduction of androgens by zona reticularis, leads to masculinization/ premature sexual maturation and behavior

38
Q

Hyposecretion of Androgens

A

Hypogonadism
Symptoms: Sterility, lack of secondary sex char.

39
Q

Hypersecretion of Androgens

A

Andrenogenital syndrome (gynocomastia)/precocious puberty
Symptoms: Overproduction of estrogens sometimes due leads to adrenal or interstitial tumor, breast enlargement/ premature sexual maturation and behavior

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