Endocrine System Flashcards
Growth Hormone (GH)
Protein
Promotes growth of body tissues
Anterior Pituitary
Prolactin (PRL)
Peptide
Promotes milk production
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates thyroid hormone release
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Pituitary (anterior)
Peptide
Stimulates hormone release by adrenal cortex
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates gamete production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Pituitary (anterior)
Glycoprotein
Stimulates androgen production by gonads
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Pituitary (posterior)
Peptide
Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys
Oxytocin (OXY)
Pituitary (posterior)
Peptide
Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroid
Amine
Stimulate basal metabolic rate
Calcitonin
Thyroid
Peptide
Reduces blood Ca2+ levels
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid
Peptide
Increases blood Ca2+ levels
Aldosterone
Adrenal (cortex)
Steroid
Increases blood Na+ levels
Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone
Adrenal (cortex)
Steroid
Increase blood glucose levels
Epinephrine, norepinephrine
Adrenal (medulla)
Amine
Stimulate fight-or-flight response
Melatonin
Pineal
Amine
Regulates sleep cycles
Insulin
Pancreas
Protein
Reduces blood glucose levels
Glucagon
Pancreas
Protein
Increases blood glucose levels
Testosterone
Testes
Steroid
Stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics and sperm production
Estrogens and progesterone
Ovaries
Steroid
Stimulate development of female secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth
Hyposecretion of GH
Pituitary growth failure
Symptoms: Delayed growth, abnormal fat distribution, low blood glucose hours after meal
Hypersecretion of GH
Gigantism, acromegally
Symptoms: Excessive growth
Hyposecretion of ADH
Diabetes insipidus
Symptoms: Polyuria, dehydration, thirst
Hypersecretion of ADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Symptoms: Increased body weight and water content
Hyposecretion of Thyroxin (T3) and Triiodothyronine (T4)
Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Low metabolic rate, low body temp., impaired physical and mental development
Hypersecretion of Thyroxin (T3) and Triiodothyronine (T4)
Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease
Symptoms: High metabolic rate and body temp.
Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hypoparathyroidism
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, neurological problems, dense bones, tetany
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hyperparathyroidism
Symptoms: Neurological, mental, and muscular problems due to high blood Ca concentration, weak and brittle bones
Hyposecretion of Insulin
Diabetes melllitus Type I
Symptoms: High blood glucose, impaired glucose utilization, dependence on lipids for energy, glycosuria
Hypersecretion of Insulin
Excess insulin production (also caused by administering too much insulin)
Symptoms: Low blood glucose levels, possibly causing coma
Hyposecretion of Mineralcorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone
Hypoaldosteronism
Symptoms: Polyuria, low blood volume, high blood K+ and low blood Na+ conc.
Hypersecretion of Mineralcorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone
Aldosteronism
Symptoms: Increased body weight due to Na+ and H2O retention, low K+
Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol
Addison’s disease
Symptoms: Inability to tolerate stress, mobilize energy reserves or maintain normal blood glucose concentrations
Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol
Cushing’s disease
Symptoms: Excessive breakdown of tissue proteins and lipid reserves, impaired glucose metabolism
Hyposecretion of Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrin (NE)
Non-existent
Hypersecretion of Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrin (NE)
Pheochromocytoma
Symptoms: High met. rate, body temp, and heart rate, increased glucose
Hyposecretion of Estrogens
Hypogonadism
Symptoms: Sterility, lack of secondary sex char.
Hypersecretion of Estrogens
Andrenogenital syndrome /precocious puberty
Symptoms: Overproduction of androgens by zona reticularis, leads to masculinization/ premature sexual maturation and behavior
Hyposecretion of Androgens
Hypogonadism
Symptoms: Sterility, lack of secondary sex char.
Hypersecretion of Androgens
Andrenogenital syndrome (gynocomastia)/precocious puberty
Symptoms: Overproduction of estrogens sometimes due leads to adrenal or interstitial tumor, breast enlargement/ premature sexual maturation and behavior
