Blood

Question 1

The major element of whole blood is __________.

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

Leukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood; however, of that small value approximately __________ are lymphocytes.

Answer 2

20-25%

Question 3

There are five major leukocytes. Which of the following is the rarest of the five when a person is not sick?

Answer 3

Basophiles

Question 4

Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?

Answer 4

Lymphocytes

Question 5

Leukocytes can be partially identified by looking at their nucleus. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes to their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus?

Answer 5

lymphocytes

Question 6

Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?

Answer 6

basophils

Question 7

Which of the following leukocytes do not have multi‐lobed nuclei?

Answer 7

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 8

Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream. Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?

Answer 8

lymphocytes

Question 9

Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

Answer 9

lymphocytes

Question 10

Neutrophils are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.

Answer 10

their nucleus can take on a variety of shapes

Question 11

Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of __________.

Answer 11

Chemotaxis

Question 12

Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can __________.

Answer 12

engulf and kill bacteria

Question 13

Which of the following leukocytes respond when a person is allergic to something?

Answer 13

eosinophils

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics of erythrocytes allow for the easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 14

flattened shape

Question 15

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. How many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?

Answer 15

1 billion

Question 16

Oxygen binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

Answer 16

iron

Question 17

Carbon dioxide binds the __________ portion of hemoglobin.

Answer 17

amino acid

Question 18

Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas and binds to hemoglobin when inhaled. It creates problems because it binds to the same site as oxygen does, competing for the same binding site. This ultimately causes the erythrocyte to deliver carbon monoxide instead of oxygen to the tissues. Which of the following is the binding site for carbon monoxide?

Answer 18

iron

Question 19

Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream by passing through the walls of capillaries. In the process of passing through the pores in the capillaries, the megakaryocytes fragment. These fragments are __________.

Answer 19

platelets

Question 20

The process of blood clotting is called __________.

Answer 20

hemostasis

Question 21

Which of the following is the greatest component of plasma?

Answer 21

water

Question 22

Fibrinogen is a __________ that is transported via the plasma of blood.

Answer 22

clotting protein

Question 23

Antigens are:

Answer 23

found on the surface of RBC

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of antigen-antibody interactions?

Answer 24

They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.

Question 25

Basophil stain

Answer 25

blue with basic dye methylene blue

Question 26

Eosinophil stain

Answer 26

red/orange with acidic dye eosin

Question 27

Neutrophil stain

Answer 27

lilac with mix of acidic and basic dyes

Question 28

Neutrophils reference range

Answer 28

40-80%

Question 29

Lymphocytes reference range

Answer 29

20-40%

Question 30

Monocytes reference range

Answer 30

2-10%

Question 31

Eosinophils reference range

Answer 31

1-6%

Question 32

Basophils reference range

Answer 32

<1-2%

Question 33

Type A has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

Answer 33

A antigens and B antibodies

Question 34

Type B has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

Answer 34

B antigens and A antibodies

Question 35

Type AB has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

Answer 35

A & B antigens and No antibodies

Question 36

Type O has________ antigens and _______ antibodies in the plasma

Answer 36

No antigens and A & B antibodies

Question 37

Antibodies

Answer 37

Can be found in the blood plasma and reacts to foreign antigens

Question 38

Antigens

Answer 38

a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body

Question 39

Clotting process order

Answer 39

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 40

Vascular Spasm

Answer 40

Smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction

Question 41

Platelet plug formation

Answer 41

injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers; platelets adhere. Platelets then release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky; platelet plug forms

Question 42

Coagulation

Answer 42

Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot

Question 43

Agglutination

Answer 43

This is good! When you are doing blood typing, when the blood type agglutinates that means it is positive. For Rh, agglutination means positive