Endocrine System

Question 1

Three major classes of hormones

Answer 1

Steroid: made from cholesterol
Peptide: synthesized by linking amino acids
Amine: synthesized from either tyrosine or tryptophan

Question 2

What class are the majority of hormones?

Answer 2

Peptide

Question 3

Peptide hormones (shorter life)

Answer 3

Peptide hormones cannot go through the membrane and will have to bind to a second messenger. Modification of existing proteins.

Question 4

Steroid hormones (longer life)

Answer 4

Binds to intracellular receptor and triggers transcription and translation.

Question 5

Hormone interactions

Answer 5

1. Synergism: hormone A and B both have an effect. When you put them together effect can double. (ex: testosterone and growth)
2. Permissiveness: First hormone alone has no effect and needs a second hormone’s “permission” to have an effect. (ex: thyroid hormone and GH)
3. Antagonism: two hormones have an opposite effect. They cancel each other out. (ex: insulin and glucagon)

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

-regulate body temp
-boss of automatic nervous system
-

Question 7

Pituitary gland

Answer 7

-endocrine gland
-anterior and posterior
-posterior: part of the nervous tissue
-anterior: completely endocrine

Question 8

Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 8

-a neural connection to the hypothalamus
- oxytocin (milk let-down reflex and popular hormone in psychology) and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone- regulates how much water your body releases?)
-more aggressive= more vasopressin in blood

Question 9

Anterior pituitary

Answer 9

-vascular connection to the hypothalamus
-portal systems
-releases classic hormones

Question 10

Trophic hormone

Answer 10

trigger another hormone release

Question 11

Patterns of pathologies

Answer 11

Hyposecretion: releases decreased amount
Hypersecretion: releases increased amount