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Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Pea-sized

Aka hypophysis

It is suspended from the base of the brain by a stalk called INFUNDIBULUM

A

Pituitary Gland

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2
Q

Butterfly-shaped

A

Thyroid gland

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3
Q

Tiny masses of glandular tissue

A

Parathyroid gland

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4
Q

Tringular-shaped glands

A

Adrenal glands

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5
Q

Little masses

A

Pancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans

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6
Q

Small, cone-shaped

Resembles a pine nut

A

Pineal Gland or Pineal Body

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7
Q

Mostly fibrous, connective tissue, or fat

A

Thymus Gland

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8
Q

Almond-shaped

A

Ovaries (gonad)

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9
Q

Oval pair

A

Testes (gonad)

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10
Q

Inferior to the hypothalamus and surrounded by Turk’s Saddle (Sella Turcica)

A

Pituitary Gland

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11
Q

Base of the neck or inferior to the Adam’s Apple

Near the thyroid cartilage of larynx

A

Thyroid Gland

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12
Q

Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid gland

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13
Q

Sit on top of the kidneys

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

Scattered among the acinar tissues of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic Islets

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15
Q

Hangs from the third ventricle roof

Develops from the diencephalon of the brain

A

Pineal Gland

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16
Q

Posterior to the sternum

A

Thymus gland

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17
Q

Located at pelvis

A

Ovaries (gonad)

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18
Q

Located at scrotum

A

Testes (gonad)

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19
Q

Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland

A
  1. Growth Hormone (GH
  2. Prolactin (PRL)
  3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - tropic hormone
  4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone/Thyrotropic hormone (TSH/TH) - tropic hormone
  5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - gonadotropic
  6. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - gonadotropic
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20
Q

Hormones produced in posterior pituitary gland

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin
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21
Q

Hormones produced in thyroid gland

A
  1. Thyroid hormone
    a. Thyroxine (T4)
    b. Triiodothyronine (T3)
  2. Calcitonin
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22
Q

Hormone produced in parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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23
Q

Hormones produced in adrenal glands

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  2. Glucocorticoids (cortisone&cortisol)
  3. Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
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24
Q

Hormone produced in pancreatic islets

A
  1. Insulin - produced by beta cells
  2. Glucagon - produced by alpha cells
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25
Q

-Inhibitory hormone produced in pineal gland
-Regulates circadian rhythms
-inhibits release of hormones in the hypothalamus that stimulate the production of sex hormones
-has depressing effect
-“hormone of the darkness” as it is produced during times of low light levels.

A

Melatonin
(Sleep hormone)

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26
Q

Hormone produced in thymus gland

A

Thymosin

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27
Q

Hormone produced in gonads

A

Female
1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
Male
1. Androgens
2. Testosterone

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28
Q

Major Endocrine Organs

A
  1. Pituitary Gland
  2. Thyroid Gland
  3. Parathyroid Gland
  4. Adrenal Gland
  5. Pancreatic Islets
  6. Pineal Gland
  7. Thymus Gland
  8. Gonads
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29
Q

Major metabolic hormone
Secretes active iodine containing hormones

A

Thyroid hormone

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30
Q

Major hormone with 4 iodine atoms

A

Thyroxine T4

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31
Q

3 iodine atoms

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

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32
Q

Hypocalcemic hormone

A

Calcitonin

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33
Q

-Most important Ca ion regulator
-hypercalcemic hormone

A

Parathyroid gland

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34
Q

-Produces costicosteroids
(Steroid hormones)
-stimulates by SNS to secrete “catecholamines”
(Epinephrine or adrenaline, Norepinephrine or noradrenaline)

A

-Adrenal Cortex
-Adrenal Medulla

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35
Q

Inhibits aldosterone release

A

Mineralocorticoids

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36
Q

Hyperglycemic hormone

A

-Glucocorticoids, cortisone, or cortisol
-Glucagon

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37
Q

Mostly androgen and some estrogen in relatively small amounts

A

Gonadocorticoids/Sex hormones

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38
Q

The only hypoglycemic hormone

A

Insulin

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39
Q

Target: skeletal muscles, long bones, most tissues (non-endocrine)

A

Growth hormone

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40
Q

Target: Mammary glands (non-endocrine)

A

Prolactin
(Luteotropin)

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41
Q

(endocrine)
Target: adrenal cortex (outer portion)

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormones

42
Q

(endocrine)
Target: thyroid gland

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropic hormone

43
Q

Target: ovaries, testes

A

FSH

44
Q

Target: ovaries, interstitial cells of the tested

A

LH

45
Q

Target: uterus, breast

A

Oxytocin

46
Q

Target: kidney, arterioles

A

Antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin

47
Q

Target: every body cell

A

Thyroid hormone

48
Q

Target: skeleton

A

Calcitonin

49
Q

Target: skeleton and kidney and intestines

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

50
Q

Target: kidney tubules

A

Mineralocorticoids

51
Q

Target: body cells

A

Glucocorticoids

52
Q

Target: sex organs

A

Gonadocorticoids

53
Q

Target: heart, blood vessels, liver, lungs, brain, muscles

A

Catecholamines secreted by adrenal medulla

54
Q

Target: body cells (esp. liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue)

A

Insulin

55
Q

Target: primarily liver

A

Glucagon

56
Q

Target: primarily brain

A

Melatonin

57
Q

Target: white blood cells

A

Thymosin

58
Q

Target: reproductive organs

A

Estrogen, progesterone, androgen, testosterone

59
Q

-glandular tissue in adrenal gland
-neural tissue in adrenal gland containing 3 distinct layers

A

Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

60
Q

Cell types in thyroid glands

A
  1. Follicular cells
  2. Parafollicular cells
61
Q

Features of thyroid gland

A
  1. Has two loves
  2. Loves connected by isthmus
  3. Contains follicle
62
Q

-In pituitary gland, this part is made up of glandular tissue
-In pituitary gland, this part is made up of neural tissue

A

Anterior PG
Posterior PG

63
Q

Causes growth in size and proliferation of skeletal muscles and tissues.

Fat breakdown WITHOUT glucose

Maintains blood sugar HOMEOSTASIS
(increase blood sugar)

A

Growth Hormone

64
Q

Milk production in pregnant women

A

Prolactin

65
Q

Adrenal cortex regulation

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

66
Q

Thyroid gland growth & activity regulation

A

TSH

67
Q

Follicle development and maturity in females and sperm dev’t in men

A

FSH

68
Q

Ovulation/Testosterone production

A

LH

69
Q

Strong uterine contractions during sex, labor, and breastfeeding

Milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

70
Q

-Urine production inhibition
Kidneys reabsorb more water
Put decrease to urination
And increase in blood volume

-vasoconstriction

A

ADH/vasopressin

71
Q

Causes biological rhythm regulation

A

Melatonin

72
Q

Causes lymphocytes’ normal decevelopment

A

White blood cells

73
Q

Reduces blood glucose levels, increase glucose uptake by cells

A

Insulin

74
Q

Increase glycogen breakdown to glucose

A

Glucagon

75
Q

General name for organs producing hormones

A

Glands

76
Q

Regions that are receptive to hormones

A

Target areas

77
Q

Secretes melatonin

A

Pineal gland

78
Q

Stores ADH

A

Posterior PG

79
Q

Produce TSH

A

Anterior PG

Stimulates thyroid glands to produce thyroid hormones

80
Q

Where is glucagon produced?

A

Pancreas

Blood glucose level regulation

81
Q

Hormones in adrenal glands controlling water and electrolyte balance

A

Corticosteroid hormones

82
Q

Secrete epinephrine

A

Adrenal

83
Q

Consists of glands that produce chemical messengers called hormones that are picked up by blood capillaries (ductless secretion)

A

Endocrine systems

84
Q

Aids in METABOLISM (GLUCOSE), body heat regulation, and normal tissue growth and development (REPRODUCTIVE/NERVOUS SYSTEM)

A

Thyroid hormone

85
Q

Lowers blood calcium level by Calcium deposition into the bones (Ca is stored in bones) in response to increasing levels

A

Calcitonin

86
Q

Increases bone destruction& consequently releases of Ca into the blood from bones, thereby increasing Calcium blood levels

A

Parathyroid (skeleton as target)

87
Q

Increase absorption of calcium from the urinary filtrate and foods, respectively. Also aids in stimulation of vitamin D production in kidneys

A

Parathyroid hormone (targets:Kidney and intestines)

88
Q

-development of female sex characteristics
-together with progesterone, breast development and cyclic changes in the uterine lining

A

Estrogen

89
Q

-Acts with estrogen, menstrual cycle
-during pregnancy, uterine muscle relaxation & breast tissue development

A

Progesterone

90
Q

-Puberty: growth & maturation of reproductive organs, male secondary sex characteristics & male drive stimulation

-adults: continuous sperm production

A

Androgens, testosterone

91
Q

Increases sodium and consequently water retention (water follows Na), and increases potassium excretion into the urine. As a result, blood volume and blood pressure increase

A

Mineralocorticoids on kidney tubules

92
Q

-Cell metabolism, resistance to long-term stressors during the resistance stage by increasing blood glucose levels (increase glucose synthesis from aa)

-suppresion of inflammation/immune system

A

Glucocorticoids on body cells

93
Q

Cope up with short term stress during alarm stage; SNS effects:

-increased heart rate
-increased bp
-increased conversion of glycogen to glucose-BRONCHODILATION
-increase blood flow to the brain
-increased alertness
-devreased bloodflow to digestive and urinary
-increased metabollic rate

A

Catecholamines from stimulation of adrenal medulla by SNS

94
Q

Glands that secrete materials in tubules.or ducts

A

Exocrine glands

95
Q

Highways to carry hormone throughout the body

A

Interstitial fluid and blood vessels

96
Q

Many hormone regulate the internal environment of the body in a homeostatic response:

A

Negative feedback loop

97
Q

Has a major role in controlling endocrine functions. Secretes both stimulating and inhibitory hormones

A

Hypothalamus

98
Q

Originates from the roof of oral cavity during embryonic development.
(3parts?)

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland
(Adenohypophysis- composed of epithelial cells)
1. Pars tuberalis
2. Pars intermedia
3. Pars distalis

99
Q

Hormones that stimulate the growth and control the function of gonads

A

Gonadotropins

100
Q

Aka neurohypophysis

Composed of nervous tissue

Hormones released from this are secreted by hypothalamus and flow thru axon to be stored in ….

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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