Endocrine System

Question 1

What does the endocrine system regulate

Answer 1

Metabolism, homeostasis, growth reproduction

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

The ability to keep the internal environment of your body constant despite changes in the external environment.

Question 3

Glands

Answer 3

Organs that secrete hormones

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Chemical substances secreted into the blood that influence growth,
development and behavior of other cells.

Question 5

Two types of hormones

Answer 5

Protein & steroid hormones

Question 6

Protein hormones

Answer 6

Can NOT pass through membranes Example: Insulin

Question 7

Steroid hormones

Answer 7

Can pass through membranes

Example: Estrogen

Question 8

Main glands

Answer 8

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, female gonads, male gonads, thymus, pineal, digestive glands.

Question 9

Pituitary gland

Answer 9

Controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.
Anterior: secrets hormones controlling other glands
Posterior: Oxytocin: controls contractions of uterus during childbirth
Vasopressin: (A.K.A. ADH) controls the re-absorption of water by the nephrons of the kidneys.

Question 10

Thyroid gland

Answer 10

Thyroxin: regulates the metabolism of protein, fats & carbohydrates and
cellular respiration rates; contains iodine
Calcitonin: regulates blood calcium levels

Question 11

Adrenal gland’s

Answer 11

Medulla (inner layer) deals with sudden stress

Norepinephrine & Epinephrine:
(A.K.A Adrenalin)
Secreted to produce our emergency fight-or-flight response during sudden stress such as fear, anger, pain or physical exertion

Question 12

Parathyroid glands

Answer 12

regulates the metabolism of calcium (growth, bones/teeth, clotting, nerve function & muscle contractions) and phosphate

Question 13

Pancreas

Answer 13

Islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon and insulin. Glucagon: pulls sugar from the cells back into the
blood.
Insulin: releases sugar from the blood into the cells.

Question 14

Female Gonads: Ovaries

Answer 14

Estrogen: stimulates the development of the female reproductive system; promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics such as broadening hips and development of breasts; regulates menstrual cycle.
Progesterone: works with estrogen to regulate the menstrual cycle.

Question 15

Male Gonads: Testes

Answer 15

Testosterone: stimulates the development of the male reproductive system; promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics such as deepening of the voice, beard, body hair and the male body form

Question 16

The thymus

Answer 16

Thymosin: stimulates the development of T- lymphocytes

which help defend the body against infection as children. It APPEARS not to serve any function in adults.

Question 17

The pineal gland

Answer 17

Melatonin: regulates the sleep/wake pattern; causing drowsiness & lowering body temperature; needed to trigger quality sleep patterns; may inhibit sexual development

Question 18

The digestive glands

Answer 18

Saliva: stimulates the flow of saliva & the enzyme
amylase to break down starches
Gastrin: stimulates the flow of gastric juices in the stomach
Secretin: stimulates the flow of pancreatic juices in the small intestines