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Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Which two systems of our body is concerned with regulating body activities

A

Nervous system and endocrine system

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2
Q

What is endocrine system

A

It consists of several glands which bring about common function of chemical coordination in body

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3
Q

Endocrine glands secrete

A

Hormones

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4
Q

Endocrine glands are also called ____ glands. Why

A

Ductless glands becoz it pours hormones directly into blood and not via any special duct

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5
Q

Site of action of hormones

A

Carried to all parts of the body but act only on target organs or cells

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6
Q

Hormones are produced in large quantities but r biologically inactive. correct the statement

A

Small quantity , biologically very active

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7
Q

Chemicall hormones can be __, ____ and ___

A

Peptides, Amines and steroids

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8
Q

Example of peptide

A

Insulin

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9
Q

Example of amine

A

Adrenaline

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10
Q

Example of steroid

A

Testosterone

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11
Q

Function of hormones in general

A

Bring about chemical coordination between distant parts of the body

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12
Q

Name 4 endocrine glands

A

Pancreas, adrenal, thyroid , pituitary

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13
Q

Shape of adrenal gland

A

Cap like structure

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14
Q

Location of adrenal gland

A

Top of each kidney

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15
Q

two parts of adrenal gland

A

Central medulla , peripheral cortex

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16
Q

Medulla secretes

A

Adrenaline

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17
Q

Other names for adrenaline

A

Epinephrine , noradrenaline

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18
Q

Function of adrenaline

A

Prepares the body for emergency situation, flight/fight situations

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19
Q

Effects of adrenaline on heart, muscle and amount of glucose

A

increase heart beat
Increased amount of blood supply to muscles
More glucose secreted

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20
Q

adrenal gland is stimulated by

A

Nerve endings of autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

what hormone stimulates uterine contraction during labour

A

Adrenaline

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22
Q

Adrenaline ___ the pupils of eye ( dilate/constrict)

A

Dilate

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23
Q

What hormone does cortex secrete

A

Cortisones

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24
Q

Function of mineralocorticoids

A

Regulate mineral metabolism, specially Na and K ions

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25
Function of glucocorticoids
Regulate fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism
26
General functions of cortisones
1. increase blood glucose concentration 2. regulate salt and water retention 3. Influence fat and protein metabolism 4. adapt body to stresses
27
Overgrowth of cortex in women
Adrenal virilism
28
Overgrowth of cortex in men
Eunuchoidism
29
Hyposecretion of cortisones
Addison disease
30
Hypersecretion of cortisones
Cushing syndrome
31
Symptoms of addison disease
1. loss of weight 2. nausea 3. Low sugar 4. Skin pigmentation 5. increased sensitivity to pain 6. increased susceptibility to infection 7. loss of energy
32
Symptoms of cushing syndrome
1. Obesity 2. High sugar 3. Osteoporosis 4. salt and water retention
33
Name a gland which is both endocrine and exocrine? what is the name given to such glands
Pancreas. Heterocrine gland
34
What is the function of pancreas as duct gland
Pours its pancreatic juice into duodenum for digestion
35
What is the function of pancreas as an endocrine gland
Has special hormone secreting cells called islets of langerhans
36
Name the three cells of Islets of Langerhans
Beta , Alpha and Delta cells
37
What does Beta cell secrete
Insulin
38
What does Alpha cell secrete
Glucagon
39
What does Delta cell secrete
Somatostatin
40
Location of pancreatic gland
Posterior and slightly inferior to stomach
41
Function of insulin
Checks rise of sugar level in blood
42
How does insulin check rise in sugar level of blood
1. Promotes glucose utilisation by body cells | 2. stimulates storage of extra glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles
43
Hyposecretion of insulin causes ( 2 names for the same condition)
Hyperglycaemia/diabetes mellitus
44
Hypersecretion of insulin causes
Hypoglycaemia
45
Symptoms of a diabetic person
1. Frequent urination loaded with sugar 2. Feel thirsty due to excessive urination 3. Loss of weight 4. Weak body
46
What is hypoglycaemia
Sugar level in blood is low.
47
What is insulin shock ?
A diabetic patient if given an overdose of insulin, may become unconscious. This is called insulin shock
48
Function of glucagon
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver to glucose, thus raising blood sugar level
49
Shape of thyroid gland
Butterfly shaped
50
How many lobes does thyroid gland have
2
51
The 2 lobes of thyroid gland are connected by
Isthmus
52
Location of Thyroid gland
Front of the neck just below larynx
53
Two hormones secreted by thyroid gland
Thyroxine, calcitonin
54
Thyroxine function
Regulates basal metabolism | Influences general growth of body, ossification of bones, mental development, body temperature
55
What is basal metabolism
Rate of cellular oxidation resulting in heat production at rest
56
Disorders caused by hypothyroidism
Simple goitre Cretinism Myxoedema
57
Disorders caused by hyperthyroidism
Exophthalmic goitre
58
What happens in simple goitre?
Enlargement of thyroid gland - swelling of neck
59
What causes simple goitre
Insufficient quantity of iodine in food
60
What has iodine got to do with thyroid gland
Iodine is the active ingredient in the production of thyroxine
61
Why do people at hill stations get simple goitre frequently?
Due to the iodine deficiency in the soil of that area
62
Cretinism affect children or adults?
Children
63
Myxoedema affects children or adult
Adult
64
What is cretinism
It is a disorder which affects the growth of children showing dwarfism and mental retardation
65
What causes cretinism?
Defective development / early atrophy of thyroid
66
What is myxoedema
It is a condition which affects adults resulting in sluggishness and swelling of face and hands
67
What causes myxoedema
Improper functioning of thyroid
68
What does exophthalmic goitre result in
``` Increase in metabolic rate Rapid heart beat Shortness of breath Protruding eyes Goitre in neck ```
69
What is the size of pituitary gland
Pea size
70
Location of pituitary gland
Hangs from base of midbrain below hypothalamus
71
What special name is given to pituitary gland and why
Master glands because it practically controls all other gland
72
Name the three lobes of pituitary gland? which one of this can be considered negligible in humans ?
Anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, intermediate lobe. Intermediate lobe is negligible
73
Name the two categories of hormones Secreted by anterior pituitary.
Growth hormone | Tropic hormones
74
What is the function of growth hormone
Body growth
75
Another name for Growth hormone
Somatotropin
76
Deficiency of GH causes _____ in children
Dwarfism
77
Over secretion of GH Causes _____ in adults
Acromegaly
78
Over secretion of GH Causes _____ in children
Gigantism
79
What happens to a person having acromegaly
1. Excessive growth of bones in jaw, hands and feet 2. Large nose 3. Thick lips
80
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
81
GSH
Gonad stimulating hormones
82
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
83
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
84
LH
Luteinizing hormone
85
Function of TSH
Activate thyroid to stimulate production of thyroxine
86
Function of ACTH
Regulates activity of adrenal cortex
87
General function of GSH
Regulate activity of testes and ovaries
88
another name for GSH
Gonadotropic hormones
89
General function of tropic hormones
Stimulate other endocrine glands
90
types of GSH
FSH, LH and prolactin
91
Function of FSH
Stimulates formation of egg in female and sperm in male
92
Function of LH
Stimulate secretion of progesterone and testosterone
93
Function of prolactin
Milk secretion

Biology (3 decks)

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