ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

what is a hormone

Answer 1

a chemical messenger secreted by a gland.

travels in the blood to a target organ

Question 2

what type of organ secretes a hormone

Answer 2

glands

Question 3

which other gland controls other glands in the body

Answer 3

pituitary gland

Question 4

why is the pituitary gland the master gland

Answer 4

secrets a wide range of hormones some which stimulate other glands

Question 5

what is the role of the pituitary gland

give examples

Answer 5

• secrets growth hormones
• stimulates the thyroid gland
• stimulates ovulation and the production of oestrogen in the ovaries
• stimulates the production of sperm and testosterone in the tetes

Question 6

what is the role of the thyroid gland

Answer 6

secrets thyroxine- controls metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 7

what si the role of the pancreas

Answer 7

secrets the hormone insulin- controls blood glucose levels

Question 8

what is the role of the adrenal gland

Answer 8

secrets adrenaline- flight or fight response

Question 9

what is the role of the ovaries

Answer 9

secrets oestrogen which coordinates the menstrual cycle and development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 10

what is the role of the testes

Answer 10

secrets testosterone which stimulates the production of sperm and development of secondary sexual chacteristics

Question 11

what organ monitors blood glucose concentration

Answer 11

pancreas

Question 12

how does the pancreas response when blood glucose levels are too high

Answer 12

secrets the hormone insulin

• binds to the receptors on the liver and muscles
• excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored

Question 13

how does the pancreas respond when blood glucose levels are too low

Answer 13

secrets the hormone glucagon

• binds to the livers cells
• glycogen converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 14

how is blood glucose concentration controlled suing negative feedback loop

Answer 14

bgc rises or falls below the optimum a hormone is secreted by the pancreas
helps bring concentration back to the right level

Question 15

what is type 1 diabetes

Answer 15

sutoimmmue disorder
pancreas doesn’t produce sufficient insulin to control bgc
blood glucose levels are very high
tiredness, weight loss, excess urination

Question 16

how can type 1 diabetes be treated

Answer 16

inslulin injection before meals- glucose converted to glycogen
limiting carbs
pancreas sand pancreatic cell transplant

Question 17

what is type 2 diabtets

Answer 17

bodys cells stop responding to insulin
uncontrolled blood glucose concentration
linked with age and obesity

Question 18

how can type 2 diabetes be treated

Answer 18

controlled diet
exercise
losing weight
drugs to increase insulin production

Question 19

what is the function of reproductive hormones during puberty

Answer 19

development of secondary sexual characteristics

females- maturation of eggs

Question 20

what is the menstrual cycle

Answer 20

monthly cycle that involves shedding of the uterus lining (mensturation) and ovulation

Question 21

describe the events of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

uterus lining thickens and eggs begin to mature
egg released from one of the ovaries (ovulation)-uterus lining remains thick
if not fertilised both egg and lining are shed during menstruation

Question 22

what is ovulation

Answer 22

release of a mature egg every 28 days

Question 23

name the for main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 23

oestrogen
progesterone
FSH
LH

Question 24

what is the role of FSH

Answer 24

controls the maturation of eggs and triggers production of oestrogen

Question 25

what is the role of oestrogen

Answer 25

thickens the lining of the uterus

triggers the production of LH and restricts the release of FSH

Question 26

what is the role of LH

Answer 26

triggers ovulation

Question 27

what is the role of progesterone

Answer 27

maintains the lining of the uterus and inhibits FSH and LH

Question 28

how do fertility drugs increase chance of pregnancy

Answer 28

contain FSH- stimulates oestorgen production (maturation of eggs in ovaries )
contain LH triggers ovulation

Question 29

what is IVF

Answer 29

mother is given FSH and LH - stimulates maturation and ovulation
eggs are fertilised using sperm in lab
embryo inserted into mothers womb

Question 30

what are the advantages of fertility treatments

Answer 30

infertile couples can have children

can store eggs for later

Question 31

what are the disadvantages of fertility treatments

Answer 31

very expensive
low success rate
side effects

Question 32

what is negative feed back

Answer 32

type of control where the body responds to an increase or decrease in a factor by returning it o the optimum level

Question 33

what happens to the body when blood glucose concentration is too high

the effects

Answer 33

lowers the water potential
which draws water out of the cells by osmosis
leading to cells being dehydrated and not functioning efficiently

Question 34

what is the concentration of glucose would be like 1 hour after a meal

Answer 34

glucose would be absorbed from the intestine and taken to the liver insulin would be released from the pancreas
allows glucose to be taken up ito the cells of the liver and converted into glycogen

Question 35

explain why adrenaline is known as a flight or fight hormone

Answer 35

released in times of stress
increases heart rate
increases the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
so that more energy can be released via respiration
so that the body can respond quickly