Endocrine syndromes and diseases Flashcards
glucocorticoids in cushing’s disease and cushing’s syndrome come from where
zona fasiculata
hypercortisolism occurs as result of hypersecretion of ACTH from pituitary adenoma
cushing’s disease
MC cause of cushing’s syndrome is what
administration of exogenous steroid hormones
70% of cushing’s syndrome caused by what
cushing’s disease
excess glucocorticoids for reason other than pituitary
cushing’s syndrome
MC source of ectopically secreted ACTH
extrapituitary tumors like SCLC
S&S of cushing’s
moon face buffalo hump red face HTN thin skin (abdominal striae) glucose intolerance DM mentally unstable fatigue/weakness
S&S of conn’s syndrome
retention of sodium
loss of potassium
retention fo water
hypernatremic hypokalemic HTN
adenoma of zona glomerulosa
primary hyperaldosteronism
what stimulates secretion of aldosterone
angiotensin
associated with hyperreninemia
secondary hyperaldosteronism
21-hydroxylase deficiency in neonates
adrenogenital syndrome
adrenogenital syndrome in females experience what
virilization due to excess adrenogenic hormones
what are the S&S of adrenogenital syndrome in adults females
hirsutism, deepening of the voice, loss of menstruation
adrenocortical hypofunction is a consequence of what
adrenal destruction
what infections and malignancies cause adrenal insufficiency
TB
histoplasmosis
lung or breast cancer
bilateral adrenal rupture
waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome
what causes waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome
neisseria meningitides
what is the MC disease of adrenal insufficiency
addison’s disease
infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the cortex
addison’s disease
what S&S do addison’s disease pts have
fatigue
weight loss
nausea
hypotension
neoplasms of the adrenal medulla that synthesize and release catecholamines (Epi and NE)
pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytomas that arise from other sites are called what
paragnagliomas
dominant clinical manifestation of pheochromocytomas
HTN abrupt with tachycardia, palpitations, H/A, sweating, and tremor
2/3 of pheochromocytoma pts have what
chronic, sustained elevations in BP
in another 1/3 of pheochromocytoma pts, paroxysms may be precipitated by what
stress, exercise, and change in posture
elevations in BP induced by sudden release of what
catecholamines
pheochromocytomas may secrete what other hormones
ACTH and somatostatin
lab dx of pheochromocytomas is based on increased urinary excretion of what
VMAs and metanephrines
